. 2022 May 16;51(11):4583–4762. doi: 10.1039/d0cs01079k

Electrochemical characteristics of recently developed steel-based OER electrocatalysts.

OER catalyst	Type of activation	Average overpotential at current density (mA cm⁻²)	Tafel slope (pH)	Faraday efficiency at current density (mA cm⁻²)	Ref.
Mild steel	Ex situ inco type 123 paint	200 mV (100) in 30 wt% KOH at 80 °C	35–40 mV dec⁻¹ (>14)	—	1274
AISI 316L	In situ	500 mV (20) in 5 M LiOH	40 mV dec⁻¹ (>14)	—	1277
AISI 316L	Unmodified	370 mV (10) at pH 14	30 mV dec⁻¹ (14)	96% (10) at pH 14	1238
S235 steel	Ex situ	347 mV (2) at pH 13	58.5 mV dec⁻¹ (13)	67% (2) at pH 13	1288
	Chem. Oxidation with air/chlorine	462 mV (1) at pH 7	68.7 mV dec⁻¹	82% (10) at pH 13	1304
	Phosporisation	326 mV (10) at pH 13
AISI 302 steel	Unmodified	400 mV (6.3) at pH 14	33 mV dec⁻¹ (14)	—	1275
AISI 304 steel	Ex situ	500 mV (0.65) at pH 7	—	—	1281
AISI 304 steel	Chem. Oxidation with air/chlorine	260 mV (1.5) at pH 13	—	—	1281
AISI 304 steel	Ex situ	260 mV (10) at pH 14	41 mV dec⁻¹ (14)		366
AISI 304 steel	Chem. Oxidation with KOH/OCl⁻	288 mV (50) at pH 14	41 mV dec⁻¹ (14)		366
AISI 304 steel	Ex situ	269 mV (10) at pH 13	49 mV dec⁻¹ (13)	75,5% (10) at pH 13	1286
AISI 304 steel	Electro-oxidation	212 mV (12) at pH 14	49 mV dec⁻¹ (13)	75,5% (10) at pH 13	1286
AISI 304 steel	Ex situ	504 mV (10) at pH 6.7–7.3	138 mV dec⁻¹	97% (10) at pH	1287
AISI 304 steel	Electro-oxidation	504 mV (10) at pH 6.7–7.3	138 mV dec⁻¹	7	1287
AISI 304 steel	Ex situ	360 mV (100) at pH 14	46 mV dec⁻¹ (14)	—	1298
AISI 304 steel	Etching + electro-oxidation in KRuO₄	360 mV (100) at pH 14	46 mV dec⁻¹ (14)	—	1298
AISI 316L	Ex situ	330 mV (100) at pH >14	35 mV dec⁻¹	—	1454
AISI 316L	Electro-oxidation	330 mV (100) at pH >14	35 mV dec⁻¹	—	1454
AISI 316L	Ex situ	270 mV (100) at pH >14	40 mV dec⁻¹ (>14)	—	1289
AISI 316L	Electro-oxidation	270 mV (100) at pH >14	40 mV dec⁻¹ (>14)	—	1289
AISI 316L	Ex situ	290 mV (10) at pH 14	35 mV dec⁻¹ (14)	100% (10)	1295
AISI 316L	Electro/chem-oxidation	290 mV (10) at pH 14	35 mV dec⁻¹ (14)	100% (10)	1295
AISI 302	Ex situ	300 mV (10) at pH 14	35 mV dec⁻¹		1222
AISI 302	Chem-oxidation	300 mV (10) at pH 14	35 mV dec⁻¹		1222
AISI 304	Ex situ	293 mV (500) at pH 14	36 mV dec⁻¹	98.5%	1229
AISI 304	Thermoselenisation	293 mV (500) at pH 14	36 mV dec⁻¹	98.5%	1229
AISI 304 mesh	Ex situ	230 mV (20) at pH 14	36 mV dec⁻¹	—	1228
	Hydrothermal treatment	173 mV (100) at pH 14	65.7 mV dec⁻¹		1308
	Electro-oxidation
AISI 316 mesh	Ex situ	319 mV (100) at pH 14	70 mV dec⁻¹ at pH 13	—	1307
AISI 316 mesh	Electrochem.	319 mV (100) at pH 14		—	1307
X₂₀CoCrWMo_10-9	Electro-oxidation	298 mV (10) at pH 7	141 mV dec⁻¹ (7)	75,6% (10) at pH 7	40
	Electro-oxidation	230 mV (10) at pH 13	47 mV dec⁻¹ (13)	83% (5) at pH 7	1324
	Oxidation + Li⁺ inter-calation	574 mV (10) at pH 1	36 mV dec⁻¹	95,2% (10) at pH 1
		40 mV (10) at pH 7		88.7% (10) at pH 7
Ni42 steel	Electro-oxidation	491 mV (4) at pH 7	151 mV dec⁻¹ (7)	99,4% (2) at pH 7	1239
		254 mV (10) at pH 13	72 mV dec⁻¹ (13)	79% (10) at pH 1	1327
		215 mV (10) at pH 14	127 mV dec⁻¹ (1)
		445 mV (10) at pH 0
Ni42 steel	Modified in hematite/H₂SO₄ suspension	31 mV (30) at pH 0	188.7 mV dec⁻¹ (0)	93% (30) at pH 0	1328