Table 1.
Energy and macronutrient content of gluten-free bread and cereal products per 100 g *.
| Food | Energy (kCal) | Energy (kJ) | Water (g) | Carbohydrate (g) | Total Sugar (g) | Fibre (g) | Protein (g) | Total Fat (g) | Saturated Fat (g) | Cholesterol (mg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breads | ||||||||||
| Enriched whole/multi-grain (n = 4) | 262 (7.7) | 1096 (32.2) | 26.4 (11.3) | 46.5 (6.6) | 2.5 (0.9) | 7.4 a (3.5) | 4.8 (2.5) | 7.2 (3.0) | 1.1 c (0.7) | 0 d (0) |
| Enriched white (n = 3) | 253 (29.3) | 1059 (123) | 10.5 (1.6) | 49.9 (3.5) | 7.0 (7.8) | 7.2 a (3.5) | 4.6 (1.4) | 5.2 (1.0) | 1.4 c (0.8) | 0 d (0) |
| Unenriched, whole/multi-grain (n = 6) | 249 (41.1) | 1042 (172) | 35.7 (5.4) | 42.2 (5.4) | 4.7 (3.9) | 7.0 a (4.8) | 4.8 (1.5) | 7.2 (4.2) | 0.9 c (1.0) | 0 d (0) |
| Unenriched, white (n = 6) | 266 (31.1) | 1113 (130) | 36.8 (6.0) | 46.9 (7.3) | 5.8 (3.6) | 6.5 a (4.1) | 3.9 (1.6) | 8.1 (4.6) | 1.2 c (1.5) | 0 d (0) |
| Average (n = 19) | 258 (30.0) | 1079 (126) | 30.1 (11.5) | 45.9 (6.2) | 4.9 (4.1) | 7.0 a (3.8) | 4.5 (1.7) | 7.2 (3.6) | 1.1 c (1.1) | 0 d (0) |
| Bagels | ||||||||||
| Unenriched, white (n = 4) | 268 (46.4) | 1121 (194) | 30.8 (3.9) | 47.2 (4.5) | 4.5 (1.7) | 3.5 b (1.2) | 5.0 (3.2) | 6.7 (2.8) | 0.5 c (0.2) | 0 d (0) |
| Unenriched, whole/multi-grain (n = 3) | 231 (53.7) | 967 (225) | 35.2 (3.4) | 42.1 (3.6) | 4.4 (2.1) | 3.7 b (1.5) | 5.4 (1.6) | 6.4 (3.6) | 0.6 c (0.4) | 0 d (0) |
| Average (n = 7) | 252 (49.4) | 1054 (207) | 32.7 (4.2) | 45.2 (4.7) | 4.5 (1.7) | 3.6 b (1.2) | 5.2 (2.4) | 6.6 (2.9) | 0.5 c (0.3) | 0 d (0) |
| English Muffins | ||||||||||
| Unenriched (n = 4) | 273 (31.1) | 1142 (130) | 31.3 (3.9) | 53.2 (7.1) | 3.6 (4.6) | 1.8 (1.2) | 4.3 (1.7) | 3.9 (4.2) | 0.3 c (0.2) | 0 d (0) |
| Enriched (n = 3) | 243 (16.2) | 1017 (67.8) | 34.0 (3.9) | 46.3 (3.8) | 7.6 (2.0) | 1.2 (1.3) | 5.2 (1.0) | 3.9 (1.9) | 0.4 c (0.1) | 0.3 d (0.6) |
| Average (n = 7) | 260 (28.6) | 1088 (120) | 32.5 (3.9) | 50.2 (6.6) | 5.3 (4.0) | 1.5 (1.2) | 4.7 (1.4) | 3.9 (3.2) | 0.3 c (0.2) | 0.1 d (0.4) |
| Hamburger/hotdog Buns | ||||||||||
| Unenriched (n = 5) | 256 (30.3) | 1071 (127) | 32.7 (6.3) | 47.2 (10.0) | 8.4 (1.6) | 5.5 a (1.3) | 3.7 (2.1) | 6.9 (1.3) | 0.6 c (0.2) | 0 d (0) |
| Enriched (n = 6) | 244 (12.6) | 1021 (52.7) | 28.9 (12.9) | 52.7 (2.2) | 3.9 (1.9) | 6.1 a (1.8) | 2.8 (1.1) | 3.5 (0.7) | 0.5 c (0.2) | 0 d (0) |
| Average (n = 11) | 250 (22.0) | 1046 (92.0) | 30.6 (10.1) | 50.2 (7.1) | 5.9 (2.9) | 5.8 a (1.6) | 3.2 (1.6) | 5.0 (2.0) | 0.5 c (0.2) | 0 d (0) |
| Breakfast Cereals | ||||||||||
| Unsweetened, fortified (n = 5) | 373 (16.7) | 1561 (69.9) | 4.3 (4.7) | 83.1 (5.1) | 8.7 (6.6) | 6.7 b (6.0) | 8.7 (3.7) | 3.3 (2.6) | 0.9 c (0.8) | 0 d (0) |
| Sweetened, fortified (n = 5) | 400 (15.3) | 1674 (64.0) | 5.2 (2.7) | 82.1 (2.8) | 27.9 (8.3) | 5.4 (3.1) | 6.7 (1.4) | 5.3 (2.8) | 0.7 c (0.3) | 0 d (0) |
| Unsweetened, non-fortified (n = 7) | 390 (33.4) | 1632 (140) | 6.5 (4.3) | 82.0 (3.1) | 12.8 (8.0) | 6.3 (3.4) | 7.9 (2.1) | 3.6 (1.4) | 0.7 c (0.6) | 0 d (0) |
| Average (n = 17) | 388 (25.7) | 1623 (207.5) | 5.5 (3.9) | 82.3 (3.5) | 16.1 (10.8) | 6.2 (4.0) | 7.8 (2.5) | 4.0 (2.3) | 0.8 c (0.6) | 0 d (0) |
| Granola, non-fortified (n = 5) | 456 (32.6) | 1908 (136) | 13.9 (18.1) | 64.6 (5.8) | 18.5 (1.7) | 6.9 b (1.7) | 10.0 (2.9) | 18.4 (6.0) | 2.7 c (1.2) | 0 d (0) |
* Data represent mean (standard deviation). a High source of fibre (>4 g per Health Canada reference serving). b Source of fibre (>2 g per Health Canada reference serving). c Low in saturated fat (<2 g per Health Canada reference serving). d Free of cholesterol (<2 mg per Health Canada reference serving).