K14E6/E7 mice began treatment at 25 weeks of age and were either left untreated (N = 12), treated with topical DHA (N = 9), treated once weekly with topical DMBA (N = 12), or given topical DHA in conjunction with DMBA (N = 12). (A) DHA-treated mice with and without DMBA, as well as their respective controls, had comparable rates of tumor-free survival. (B) Representative images of hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained and IHC-stained anal samples for E6 and E7 K14E6/E7 from mice after completing the 20-week treatment period. All scale bars equal 100 μm. (C) Mean E6 and E7 protein expression based on IHC K14E6/E7 anal tissue. Anal tissue was harvested from K14E6/E7 transgenic mice either left untreated (N = 12), treated with topical DHA (N = 9), treated once weekly with topical DMBA (N = 12), or given topical DHA in conjunction with DMBA (N = 12). Unpaired t-tests were performed to compare no treatment to DHA only and DMBA only to DHA + DMBA. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean). Significance was assigned as not significant (ns), *** p < 0.001.