Table 3.

Formulations of orally administered SLNs loaded with drugs or natural compounds against infection and their benefits.

Active ingredient	Indication	Lipid type	Average size (nm)	Outcomes offered by SLNs	Reference
Isoniazid	Tuberculosis	Compritol 888 ATO	48	Increased bioavailability and less acute toxicity	Bhandari and Kaur [103]
Miconazole	Fungi	Precirol ATO 5	23	Enhanced antifungal activity and bioavailability	Aljaeid and Hosny [104]
Lopinavir	Retrovirus	Stearic acid	181	Increased bioavailability	Negi et al [105]
Lopinavir	Retrovirus	Compritol 888 ATO	215	Increased Cmax and bioavailability	Negi et al [106]
Efavirenz	Retrovirus	Monostearin	125	Increased Cmax and AUC	Gaur et al [107]
Efavirenz	Retrovirus	Compritol 888 ATO	168	Increased lymphatic uptake and bioavailability	Makwana et al [108]
Primaquine	Malaria	Stearic acid	236	Enhanced antimalarial efficacy	Omwoyo et al [110]
Arteether	Multidrug-resistant malaria	Monostearin	100	Increased bioavailability and half-life	Dwivedi et al [111]
Praziquantel	Schistosomiasis	Stearic acid	506	Enhanced parasite killing	de Souza et al [112]
H2bdtc	Chagas disease	Stearic acid	127	Enhanced parasite killing and diminished toxicity	Carneiro et al [113]

AUC = area under the curve; H2bdtc = 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-phenyl-pyrazoline-1-(S-benzyl dithiocarbazate); SLNs = solid lipid nanoparticles.