Table 3.
Active ingredient | Indication | Lipid type | Average size (nm) | Outcomes offered by SLNs | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Isoniazid | Tuberculosis | Compritol 888 ATO | 48 | Increased bioavailability and less acute toxicity | Bhandari and Kaur [103] |
Miconazole | Fungi | Precirol ATO 5 | 23 | Enhanced antifungal activity and bioavailability | Aljaeid and Hosny [104] |
Lopinavir | Retrovirus | Stearic acid | 181 | Increased bioavailability | Negi et al [105] |
Lopinavir | Retrovirus | Compritol 888 ATO | 215 | Increased Cmax and bioavailability | Negi et al [106] |
Efavirenz | Retrovirus | Monostearin | 125 | Increased Cmax and AUC | Gaur et al [107] |
Efavirenz | Retrovirus | Compritol 888 ATO | 168 | Increased lymphatic uptake and bioavailability | Makwana et al [108] |
Primaquine | Malaria | Stearic acid | 236 | Enhanced antimalarial efficacy | Omwoyo et al [110] |
Arteether | Multidrug-resistant malaria | Monostearin | 100 | Increased bioavailability and half-life | Dwivedi et al [111] |
Praziquantel | Schistosomiasis | Stearic acid | 506 | Enhanced parasite killing | de Souza et al [112] |
H2bdtc | Chagas disease | Stearic acid | 127 | Enhanced parasite killing and diminished toxicity | Carneiro et al [113] |
AUC = area under the curve; H2bdtc = 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-phenyl-pyrazoline-1-(S-benzyl dithiocarbazate); SLNs = solid lipid nanoparticles.