Table 4.

Antibacterial activity of the extract from Tunisian Ruta chalepensis parts against human pathogenic bacteria.

	Inhibition zone diameter
	Gram positive bacteria		Gram negative bacteria
	Staphylococcus aureus		Pseudomonas aeruginosa		Escherichia coli
Spontaneous stems	16.3 ± 0.6b	++	17.7 ± 0.4a	++	13.3 ± 1.1c	+
Cultivated stems	14.7 ± 1.2b	++	7.7 ± 0.2c	−	17.3 ± 0.3a	+
Spontaneous leaves	15.3 ± 1.2b	++	16.7 ± 0.6a	++	14.3 ± 0.4c	++
Cultivated leaves	12.3 ± 1.5b	+	9.7 ± 1.3c	+	16.3 ± 0.6a	++
Spontaneous flowers	15 ± 0.6b	++	16.3 ± 1.1a	++	15.7 ± 0.9b	++
Cultivated flowers	16 ± 1a	++	15 ± 0.5b	++	13 ± 1.2c	+
Gentamycin	24–28.5	+++	15.5–22.5	+++	22–26.1	+++

“−” = Ø < 8 mm; “+” = 9 mm < Ø < 14 mm; “++” = 15 mm < Ø < 19 mm; “+++” = Ø < 20 mm.

The data are presented as the mean ± the standard deviation.

The values are presented as the mean of three replicates ± the standard deviation. The data marked with different letters share significance at p < 0.05 (based on the Duncan test).