Table 2.
Characteristics of the study participants.
| Placebo | SNK-L | SNK-H | p-Values (vs. Placebo) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SNK-L | SNK-H | ||||
| Number of Participants (male/female) | 22 (5/17) | 22 (6/16) | 20 (6/14) | 1.0000 | 0.7298 |
| Age (years) | 36.0 ± 12.7 | 38.5 ± 12.0 | 38.1 ± 10.3 | 0.4830 | 0.5650 |
| Height (cm) | 161.9 ± 7.1 | 162.8 ± 9.2 | 162.1 ± 8.7 | 0.7400 | 0.9490 |
| Body weight (kg) | 56.3 ± 7.5 | 59.4 ± 13.2 | 56.4 ± 11.5 | 0.3465 | 0.9802 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.5 ± 2.6 | 22.3 ± 4.1 | 21.3 ± 2.8 | 0.3887 | 0.8502 |
| Body fat ratio (%) | 26.3 ± 8.2 | 27.0 ± 9.9 | 25.6 ± 7.7 | 0.7993 | 0.7772 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 111.5 ± 10.8 | 115.2 ± 13.0 | 114.1 ± 14.1 | 0.3379 | 0.5156 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 73.0 ± 8.3 | 75.0 ± 9.4 | 75.3 ± 8.9 | 0.4479 | 0.4052 |
| Pulse rate (bpm) | 72.6 ± 10.0 | 70.1 ± 10.1 | 73.5 ± 10.3 | 0.4161 | 0.7835 |
| BDI-2 total score (point) | 13.8 ± 9.5 | 15.4 ± 7.6 | 11.8 ± 9.5 | 0.5664 | 0.4653 |
Between-group comparisons were performed using the χ2 test for the number of participants (male/female). Other data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), with between-group comparisons using ANCOVA.