Table 4.
Right and left heart catheterization parameters according to the PH groups.
| PH | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No PH | Pre-capPH | IpcPH | CpcPH | p | |
| n = 174 | n = 46 | n = 78 | n = 82 | Value | |
| Aortic valve stenosis severity | |||||
| Transvalvular mean pressure gradient (mmHg, n = 343) | 33 ± 13 | 36 ± 18 | 32 ± 16 | 31 ± 14 | 0.470 |
| Transvalvular peak to peak pressure gradient (mmHg, n = 366) | 44 ± 18 | 49 ± 24 | 42 ± 23 | 41 ± 23 | 0.312 |
| Transvalvular pressure gradient AUC (mmHg·s, n = 343) | 14 ± 6 | 15 ± 9 | 13 ± 6 | 13 ± 6 | 0.126 |
| AVA (Gorlin, cm2, n = 341) | 0.60 ± 0.28 | 0.51 ± 0.23 | 0.66 ± 0.25 | 0.46 ± 0.14 ‡ | <0.001 |
| AVA indexed for BSA (Gorlin, cm2/m2, n = 341) | 0.33 ± 0.14 | 0.29 ± 0.13 | 0.36 ± 0.14 | 0.26 ± 0.08 ‡ | <0.001 |
| Aortic valve stenosis staging | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | <0.001 | |
| Stage 0 | 10 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Stage 1 | 10 (6) | 2 (4) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| Stage 2 | 55 (34) | 1 (2) | 5 (6) | 0 (0) | |
| Stage 3 | 4 (2) | 4 (9) | 14 (18) | 1 (1) | |
| Stage 4 | 95 (55) | 39 (85) | 58 (74) | 81 (99) | |
| Systemic afterload | |||||
| Aortic systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 128 ± 25 | 120 ± 28 | 119 ± 27 | 126 ± 27 | 0.070 |
| Aortic diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 54 ± 11 | 52 ± 13 | 53 ± 12 | 56 ± 15 | 0.192 |
| Aortic pulse pressure (mmHg) | 74 ± 20 | 68 ± 24 | 66 ± 24 ‡ | 69 ± 24 | 0.051 |
| Aortic mean pressure (mmHg) | 82 ± 15 | 78 ± 17 | 79 ± 16 | 83 ± 17 | 0.112 |
| Total arterial compliance (mL/mmHg, n = 351) | 0.58 ± 0.27 | 0.51 ± 0.26 | 0.67 ± 0.33 | 0.46 ± 0.2 ‡ | <0.001 |
| Total vascular resistance (mmHg·min/mL, n = 351) | 1.38 ± 0.45 | 1.54 ± 0.47 | 1.27 ± 0.45 | 1.82 ± 0.73 ‡ | <0.001 |
| Zva (mmHg/mL/m2, n = 345) | 5.49 ± 1.6 | 6.46 ± 1.68 ‡ | 5.24 ± 1.60 | 7.23 ± 2.46 ‡ | <0.001 |
| LV systolic function | |||||
| Stroke volume (mL) | 60 ± 17 | 48 ± 15 ‡ | 59 ± 17 | 43 ± 15 ‡ | <0.001 |
| Stroke volume index (mL/m2) | 33 ± 7 | 27 ± 7 ‡ | 32 ± 8 | 25 ± 8 ‡ | <0.001 |
| Cardiac output (L/min) | 4.2 ± 1.1 | 3.7 ± 0.9 ‡ | 4.4 ± 1.1 | 3.3 ± 0.8 ‡ | <0.001 |
| Cardiac Index (L/min/m2) | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 0.4 ‡ | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 1.9 ± 0.4 ‡ | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 65 ± 10 | 69 ± 14 | 68 ± 14 | 71 ± 17 ‡ | 0.002 |
| LV systolic pressure (mmHg, n = 366) | 172 ± 28 | 169 ± 37 | 161 ± 29 | 165 ± 31 | 0.055 |
| LV end-diastolic pressure (mmHg, n = 366) | 15 ± 7 | 18 ± 10 | 18 ± 7 ‡ | 20 ± 8 ‡ | <0.001 |
| Right heart hemodynamics | |||||
| Pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (mmHg) | 9 ± 4 | 12 ± 3 ‡ | 23 ± 6 ‡ | 23 ± 5 ‡ | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (mmHg) | 33 ± 7 | 49 ± 12 ‡ | 49 ± 10 ‡ | 64 ± 13 ‡ | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 10 ± 4 | 15 ± 5 ‡ | 19 ± 6 ‡ | 24 ± 7 ‡ | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary arterial mean pressure (mmHg) | 18 ± 4 | 28 ± 5 ‡ | 30 ± 5 ‡ | 39 ± 8 ‡ | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary arterial compliance (mL/mmHg) | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 1.5 ± 0.5 ‡ | 2.0 ± 0.7 ‡ | 1.2 ± 0.5 ‡ | <0.001 |
| Transpulmonic gradient (mmHg) | 9 ± 3 | 16 ± 5 ‡ | 8 ± 3 | 17 ± 6 ‡ | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary diastolic pressure gradient (mmHg) | 1 ± 4 | 3 ± 4 ‡ | −4 ± 5 ‡ | 1 ± 6 | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance (mmHg·min/mL) | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 4.4 ± 1.5 ‡ | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 5.3 ± 2.5 ‡ | <0.001 |
| Effective pulmonary arterial elastance (mmHg/mL) | 0.38 ± 0.19 | 1.1 ± 0.38 ‡ | 0.91 ± 0.36 ‡ | 1.61 ± 0.65 ‡ | <0.001 |
LV: Left ventricle; AVA: Aortic valve area; RWT: Relative wall thickness; RV: Right ventricle; TAPSE: Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; DTI: Pulse Doppler peak velocity at the tricuspid annulus; BSA: Body surface area. ‡ vs. No PH p < 0.05.