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. 2022 Jul 27;10(8):1189. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10081189

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Humoral and cellular anti-S immunity in vaccinees with negative anti-N antibodies. Anti-S antibodies (A) and CD4 (B) and CD4 and CD8 (C) T cell responses were quantified in the peripheral blood at 3 to 7 weeks post-vaccination in subjects who were negative for anti-N antibodies (n = 50 for AstraZeneca, n = 34 for Sputnik V, n = 37 for Moderna and n = 38 for Pfizer-BioNTech). Results are expressed in IU/mL. Along with dot plots, median with interquartile range are shown. The cut-off of positivity of the cellular immunity (0.15 IU/mL) is indicated in panel (B,C).