Table 1.
Effect of Aβ oligomers and tau oligomers on microglia metabolism.
| Receptor | Signaling Pathway | Metabolism | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aβ | mTOR/HIF1α | up-regulation of glycolysis-related protein transcription | [70] | |
| TREM2 | Akt/mTOR/HIF1α | up-regulation of glycolysis-related protein transcription | [77,78] | |
| Formyl peptide receptor | AMPK/mTOR | up-regulation of glycolysis-related protein transcription S | [79] | |
| RAGE Receptor | Inflammatory cytokines | Interruption of TCA cycle and uncoupling of OXPHOS | [80,81,82] | |
| Toll-like receptor | Up-regulation of the expression of PFKFB3; activation of ATP- citrate lyase; down-regulation of Arg1 | [76,83,84] | ||
| NLRP3 | Increased glycolysis | [76,85,86,87,88] | ||
| SRIT1 | Increased glycolysis | [89,90] | ||
| Histone lactylation | Up-regulation of transcriptional levels of glycolysis related genes HIF1α, PKM2 and LDHA | [77,91] | ||
| CD36 | FA transporter or uptake promoter | [43,92] | ||
| Tau | TREM2 | Akt/mTOR/HIF1α | up-regulation of glycolysis-related protein transcription | [93,94,95] |
| APOE | Lipid metabolism; glucose metabolism | [96,97,98,99,100,101] | ||
| p38 AMPK | Up-regulation of the expression of PFKFB3 | [102,103] | ||
| cGAS/STING | accumulation of the metabolite succinate | [104,105] | ||
| NLRP3 | Increased glycolysis | [106,107,108,109,110] |
Abbreviations: mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; HIF1α, hypoxia inducible factor-1α; TREM2, Triggering Receptor Expressed On Myeloid Cells 2; Akt, Serine/Threonine Kinase; AMPK, Adenosine 5‘-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase; RAGE, the Receptor of Advanced Glycation EndproductsTCA, tricarboxylic acid; OXPHOS, Oxidative phosphorylation; PFKFB3, phosphofructokinase-2/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3; Arg1, Arginase 1; NLRP3, NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3; SRIT1, Sirtuin 1; PKM2, Pyruvate kinase isozyme typeM2; LDHA, lactate dehydrogenase A; APOE, Apolipoprotein E; FA, fatty acid; cGAS, Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase; STING, Stimulator Of Interferon Response cGAMP Interactor.