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. 2022 Jul 28;12:12962. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-17241-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Pre-existing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 S and N protein in various populations. Serological screening for the presence of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 S (A,D) and N protein (B,D). Sera from Quebec (n = 41), Denmark (n = 117), Brazil (n = 108) and Gabon (n = 116), and 11 COVID-19 confirmed cases (A,B) as well as pre-pandemic (n = 128), and COVID-19 confirmed sera (n = 2), from Senegal (D) were analyzed by ELISA. The proportion of individuals with antibodies against either or both the SARS-CoV-2 S and N proteins is illustrated (C).