Table 3.

Incidence rate (IR) and risk of insomnia in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) with consideration for the interactive effect of age and sex.

	DR & PDR status	N	Insomnia	Duration	IR (per 1,000)	Model 3	P for interaction
< 40	Non-DR	186837	6095	1471541.61	4.1419	1 (ref.)	<.0001
	DR	1465	118	11509.91	10.252	1.819 (1.516, 2.183)
40 - 64	Non-DR	1357725	132379	10337623	12.8056	1 (ref.)
	DR	61395	9636	454573.88	21.1979	1.211 (1.186, 1.238)
≥ 65	Non-DR	549125	102472	3714727.28	27.5853	1 (ref.)
	DR	50072	10923	332707.1	32.8307	1.055 (1.034, 1.076)
Male	Non-DR	1334288	127503	9956733.24	12.8057	1 (ref.)	<.0001
	DR	57324	9613	402978.01	23.8549	1.253 (1.226, 1.28)
Female	Non-DR	759399	113443	5567158.65	20.3772	1 (ref.)
	DR	55608	11064	395812.89	27.9526	1.032 (1.012, 1.053)
< 40	Non-DR	186814	6089	1471388.6	4.1383	1 (ref.)	<.0001
	NPDR	1220	84	9687.35	8.6711	1.544 (1.245, 1.915)
	PDR	268	40	1975.56	20.2474	3.575 (2.619, 4.88)
40 - 64	Non-DR	1357018	132274	10332459.51	12.8018	1 (ref.)
	NPDR	53726	8329	399360.6	20.8558	1.195 (1.168, 1.223)
	PDR	8376	1412	60376.78	23.3865	1.323 (1.255, 1.395)
≥ 65	Non-DR	548730	102395	3712009.27	27.5848	1 (ref.)
	NPDR	46425	10162	308825.13	32.9054	1.058 (1.036, 1.08)
	PDR	4042	838	26599.98	31.5038	1.015 (0.948, 1.087)
Male	Non-DR	1333633	127404	9952083.89	12.8017	1 (ref.)	<.0001
	NPDR	50678	8489	356675.57	23.8003	1.245 (1.217, 1.274)
	PDR	7301	1223	50951.78	24.0031	1.307 (1.235, 1.383)
Female	Non-DR	758929	113354	5563773.49	20.3736	1 (ref.)
	NPDR	50693	10086	361197.5	27.9238	1.025 (1.004, 1.047)
	PDR	5385	1067	38000.54	28.0785	1.106 (1.041, 1.175)

Model 3: Age, sex, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, drinking, regular exercise status, body mass index, fasting blood glucose level, insulin status, number of antidiabetic medications, and diabetes mellitus duration.