Table 1. |.
Clinical characteristics of study cohorts
| Joslin | Joslin | Joslin | Pima Indians | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1D Discovery cohort | T2D Replication cohort | T1D Validation cohort 1 | T2D Validation cohort 2 | |||||
| Characteristics at baseline | Non-ESKD | ESKD | Non-ESKD | ESKD | Non-ESKD | ESKD | Non-ESKD | ESKD |
| N | 111 | 108 | 109 | 35 | 188 | 50 | 119 | 34 |
| Male/Female | 49/62 | 57/51 | 72/37 | 22/13 | 101/87 | 30/20 | 31/88 | 12/22 |
| Age (years) | 47 ± 10 | 42 ± 8 * | 60 ± 5 | 59 ± 7 | 39 ± 10 | 38 ± 9 | 46 ± 10 | 43 ± 9 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 32 ± 10 | 28 ± 9 * | 15 ± 9 | 19 ± 9 * | 26 ± 9 | 26 ± 10 | 15 ± 7 | 17 ± 5 |
| HbA1c (DCCT, %) | 8.4 ± 1.5 | 9.3 ± 1.7 * | 7.5 ± 1.6 | 7.7 ± 1.4 | 8.8 ± 1.7 | 9.9 ± 1.5 | 8.9 ± 2.2 | 10.9 ± 2.1 * |
| SBP (mmHg) | 132 ± 20 | 138 ± 19 * | 139 ± 18 | 143 ± 21 | 130 ± 16 | 135 ± 18 | 123 ± 12 | 125 ± 12 |
| ACR (mg/g) | 404 (46, 871) | 1427 (709, 2637) *** | 163 (49, 614) | 1679 (643, 3447) *** | 481 (130, 986) | 1287 (679, 2281) *** | 3.5 (1.0, 11) | 232 (17, 1927)*** |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m 2 ) ┼ | 48 ± 9 | 38 ± 10*** | 51 ± 10 | 44 ± 11** | 100 ± 21 | 90 ± 21** | 153 ± 46 | 143 ± 49 |
T1D, Type 1 Diabetes; T2D, Type 2 diabetes; ESKD, End Stage Kidney Disease, i.e., dialysis or kidney transplant; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; SBP, Systolic blood pressure; ACR, urine albumin to creatinine ratio; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration.
┼
For Pima cohort, GFR (ml/min) was measured directly using urinary clearance of iothalamate.
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (25th and 75th percentiles).
Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and Fisher exact test for sex proportion were performed for comparison between patients with non-ESKD and ESKD within 10-years in each cohort (*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001).