Table 1.
Global Burden of RHD in 1990 and 2019
| Measure | Age (metric) | Year | % Change (1990–2019) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2019 | |||||||||
| Both | Women | Men | Both | Women | Men | Both | Women | Men | ||
| Incidence | All ages, n | 1 863 318 (1 438 465 to 2 308 707) | 1 000 723 (778 585 to 1 235 154) | 862 595 (663 211 to 1 075 583) | 2 789 443 (2 153 319 to 3 454 256) | 1 490 770 (1 159 323 to 1 837 879) | 1 298 673 (995 189 to 1 617 204) | 49.7 (47.1 to 52.2) | 49.0 (46.1 to 52.0) | 50.6 (47.9 to 53.2) |
| Age‐standardized, rate per 100 000 | 32.7 (25.8 to 40.0) | 35.5 (28.2 to 43.4) | 29.8 (23.4 to 36.7) | 37.4 (28.6 to 46.7) | 40.6 (31.1 to 50.4) | 34.3 (26.3 to 42.9) | 14.4 (11.2 to 17.0) | 14.1 (10.6 to 17.1) | 15.1 (12.1 to 17.7) | |
| Prevalence | All ages, n | 23 756 847 (18 791 683 to 29 295 709) | 13 099 934 (10 421 455 to 16 035 909) | 10 656 912 (8 363 711 to 13 199 602) | 40 502 345 (32 052 904 to 50 062 426) | 22 519 239 (17 895 086 to 27 713 122) | 17 983 106 (14 198 981 to 22 406 039) | 70.5 (66.6 to 74.2) | 71.9 (67.5 to 76.1) | 68.7 (65.1 to 72.7) |
| Age‐standardized, rate per 100 000) | 451.6 (363.3 to 552.5) | 501.6 (405.5 to 609.7) | 400.5 (321.4 to 492.4) | 513.7 (405.0 to 636.3) | 572.2 (450.7 to 705.5) | 455.2 (359.2 to 566.2) | 13.8 (11.0 to 16.0) | 14.1 (10.9 to 16.7) | 13.7 (11.2 to 15.8) | |
| Deaths | All ages, n | 362 160 (326 259 to 408 222) | 210 057 (185 677 to 238 266) | 152 103 (125 111 to 184 940) | 305 651 (259 220 to 340 486) | 173 933 (140 652 to 208 089) | 131 717 (113 445 to 159 904) | −15.6 (−30.5 to −2.1) | −17.2 (−34.2 to 3.1) | −13.4 (−30.9 to 8.0) |
| Age‐standardized, rate per 100 000 | 8.9 (8.0 to 10.1) | 9.7 (8.5 to 11.0) | 8.2 (6.7 to 10.0) | 3.9 (3.3 to 4.3) | 4.1 (3.3 to 4.8) | 3.6 (3.1 to 4.4) | −56.9 (−64.7 to −49.8) | −58 (−67.1 to −47.5) | −55.8 (−65 to −44.9) | |
| DALYs | All ages, n | 13 168 339 (11 896 460 to 14 634 663) | 7 420 707 (6 565 305 to 8 275 336) | 5 747 632 (4 827 059 to 6 847 812) | 10 673 882 (9 207 379 to 12 121 608) | 5 840 425 (4 813 977 to 6 963 022) | 4 833 457 (4 121 949 to 5 729 105) | −18.9 (−30.6 to −7.7) | −21.3 (−34.3 to −5.2) | −15.9 (−29.9 to 0.2) |
| Age‐standardized, rate per 100 000 | 283.3 (255.9 to 315.2) | 312.7 (276.9 to 349.8) | 253.7 (211.8 to 304) | 132.9 (115.0 to 150.3) | 142.0 (117.5 to 168.6) | 123.5 (105.8 to 145.9) | −53.1 (−60.0 to −46.4) | −54.6 (−62.2 to −45.3) | −51.3 (−59.8 to −41.8) | |
| YLLs | All ages, n | 12 010 791 (10 869 595 to 13 434 295) | 6 783 119 (5 961 779 to 7 613 484) | 5 227 672 (4 260 508 to 6 297 315) | 8 683 950 (7 431 179 to 9 774 672) | 4 733 750 (3 803 664 to 5 787 570) | 3 950 201 (3 400 008 to 4 706 404) | −27.7 (−39.4 to −16.8) | −30.2 (−43.8 to −13.7) | −24.4 (−37.8 to −7.2) |
| Age‐standardized, rate per 100 000 | 261.2 (235.9 to 292.9) | 288.1 (253.9 to 323.4) | 234.0 (190.1 to 284.8) | 107.7 (92.7 to 120.9) | 113.9 (92.1 to 138.8) | 101.1 (87.4 to 120.1) | −58.8 (−65.6 to −52.5) | −60.5 (−68.3 to −51.1) | −56.8 (−64.7 to −46.9) | |
| YLDs | All ages, n | 1 157 548 (692 048 to 1 779 160) | 637 587 (385 648 to 979 760) | 519 960 (309 324 to 802 264) | 1 989 931 (1 200 919 to 3 044 823) | 1 106 675 (671 449 to 1 687 184) | 883 256 (528 946 to 1 359 110) | 71.9 (67.9 to 76.0) | 73.6 (69.1 to 78.0) | 69.9 (66.1 to 74.0) |
| Age‐standardized, rate per 100 000 | 22.1 (13.3 to 33.7) | 24.5 (14.9 to 37.2) | 19.7 (11.8 to 30.0) | 25.2 (15.2 to 38.7) | 28 (17 to 42.9) | 22.4 (13.4 to 34.6) | 13.9 (11.1 to 16.0) | 14.4 (11.1 to 16.9) | 13.7 (11.2 to 15.9) | |
DALYs indicates disability‐adjusted life year; RHD, rhematic heart disease; YLDs, years lived with disability; and YLLs, years of life lost.