Table 1.
Potential modulated targets of xenobiotics metabolized by natural dietary compounds. Natural dietary compounds regulated enzyme increased (▲) or decreased (▼) expression of mRNA/protein or enzyme activity.
| Category | Chemicals | Xenobiotics | Effect metabolizing targets | Reference no. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flavonoids | Dimethylchrysin | BaP | CYP1A1▼ | [40,41] |
| Baicalein | BaP | CYPs, b5, CYPRs▼; GST, UGT, QR▲ | [42] | |
| Silibinin, hesperetin | DMH | CYPs, b5, 2E1, CYPRs, b5R▼; GST, UGT▲ | [46,84] | |
| Genistein | DMBA | CYP1A1, 1B1▼ | [51] | |
| Delphinidin | DBP | CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1▼ | [63] | |
| Quercetin | BaP | CYPs, CYP b5▼; GST▲ | [44] | |
| Quercetin, rutin, chrysin | TCDD | CYP1A1▼ | [61,85] | |
| Galangin, tangeretin | TCDD | CYP1A1, 1A2 ▼ | [86] | |
| Troxerutin | DMH | CYPs, CYPRs, b5R▼; GST, UGT▲; β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase (gut)▼ | [50] | |
| Naringenin | NDEA | CYPs▼; GST▲ | [45] | |
| Naringenin | DMBA | CYP1B1▼ | [87] | |
| EC, EGC, ECG, EGCG | BaP, PhIP, AFB1 | CYPs▼ | [52] | |
| EGCG | Paracetamol | CYP2E1, 3A4▼; GST▲ | [88] | |
| Stilbene | Resveratrol | BaP | CYPs, CYP b5▼; GST▲ | [40,65] |
| Resveratrol | BaP, DMBA | CYP1A1/1A2, 1B1, 2B▼; NQO1▲ | [78] | |
| Resveratrol | DMBA | CYP1A1, 1B1, UGT1A1▼ | [64] | |
| Resveratrol | DBP | CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1▼ | [63] | |
| Resveratrol | TCDD | CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1▼ | [59,61,89] | |
| Resveratrol | Pyrogallol | CYP1A2, 2E1▼; GST-ya, -yc▲ | [67] | |
| Diarylheptanoids | Curcumin | BaP | CYPs, CYP b5▼; GST▲ | [44,65] |
| Curcumin | TCDD | CYP1A1, 1B1▼ | [71] | |
| Curcumin, tetrahydrocurcumin | Fe-NTA | GST, NQO1▲ | [73] | |
| Carotenoids | Astaxanthin | DMBA | CYP1A1, 1B1▼; NQO1, GST▲ | [74] |
| Lycopene | Homocysteine | PON1, NQO1▲ | [75] | |
| Phenolics | Protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, tannic acid | BaP, DMBA | CYP1A1/1A2, 1B1, 2B▼ | [78] |
| Protocatechuic acid | 3-MC | CYP2E1▼ | [77] | |
| Ellagic acid | DMBA | CYP1A1, 1B1▼; NQO1, GST ▲ | [74] | |
| Gallic acid | DMH | CYPs, b5▼; GST, DTD, GGT▲ | [76] | |
| Phloretin, phlorizin | TCDD | CYP1A1▼ | [85] | |
| Crude extract | Black tea extract | DMBA | CYP b5, 1A1, 1A2, 2B▼ | [90,91] |
| Red wine extract | Homocysteine | NQO1▲ | [92] | |
| Green/white tea extract | BaP | CYP1A1, 1B1▼; GST, QR▲ | [93] | |
| Green tea extract, Kava extract | TCDD | CYP1A1▼ | [61] | |
| Blueberry extract | DMBA | CYP1A1, 1B1▼; NQO1, GST ▲ | [74] | |
| Chokeberry extract | NDEA | CYP1A1/1A2, 2B1, 2E1▼ | [94] | |
| Apple juice extract | TCDD | CYP1A1▼ | [85] | |
| Purple rice bran extract | Aflatoxin B1 | CYP1A1, 1A2, 3A▼; GST, UGT▲ | [82] | |
| Black soybean seed coat Extract | BaP | CYP1A1▼; GSTs▲ | [95] | |
| Seaweed extract | TCDD | CYP1A1 activity▼ | [83] |
3-MC = 3-methylcholanthrene; AFB1 = aflatoxin B1; BaP = benzo[a]pyrene; CYP = cytochrome P450; DBP = dibenzo[a,l]pyrene; DMBA = 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene; DMH = 1,2-dimethylhydrazine; EC = (−)-epicatechin; ECG = (−)-epicatechin gallate; EGC = (−)-epigallocatechin; EGCG = epigallocatechin-3-gallate; Fe-NTA = ferric nitrilotriacetate; GSTs = glutathione S-transferases; LXR = liver X receptor; NDEA = N-nitrosodiethylamine; QR = quinone reductase; TCDD = 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; UGTs = UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase.