Figure 1.

Possible regulation mechanisms of pterostilbene on autophagy in cancer cells. Pterostilbene significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and prosurvival autophagy in bladder and breast cancer cells. ANK-199, the pterostilbene derivative, induced autophagic cell death in oral cancer cells. In contrast, pterostilbene induced cell death concomitant with autophagosome accumulation and defective autophagy observed in HL60, A375 melanoma, A549 lung, MCF7 breast, and HT29 colon cancer cells. mTOR = mechanistic target of rapamycin.