(c) Four weeks after intervention

Markers	ESWT group	Sham group	p value
IL-6	1.97 (1.23, 2.73)	1.69 (1.26, 2.11)	0.263
TNF-α	0.92 (0.70, 1.41)	0.74 (0.48, 1.18)	0.111
IL-1β	3.24 (1.42, 4.79)	1.62 (0.74, 3.39)	0.255
TGF-β1	22739.9 (16866.4, 30116.9)	22333.6 (19238.3, 25252.1)	0.568
VEFG	177.68 (107.51, 203.46)	159.75 (72.13, 221.06)	0.947
Sub P	182.28 (160.39, 223.34)	193.86 (130.87, 320.81)	0.681
DKK-1	3449.47 (2915.13, 3825.28)	3281.84 (3008.54, 3939.20)	0.535
IGF-1	132.18 (105.82, 147.21)	138.80 (113.45, 148.44)	0.533

DKK-1: dickkopf-related protein 1; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor-1; IL-1β: interleukin 1-beta; IL-6: interleukin 6; Sub P: substance P; TGF-β1: transforming growth factor-beta 1; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha.