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. 2022 Jul 28;13:4368. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31881-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a The fungal growth curve on different bioinspired composites. Top green line: RAPIMER composite, blue line: cellulose nanofibril/lignin composite, red line: cellulose nanofibril, black line: glucose deprived Kirk media as the control. b The fungal growth curve on RAPIMER composite treated with solutions in different PFAS concentrations. The blue line: 100 µg/L. The purple line: 1000 µg/L. The green line: 10,000 µg/L. The red line: 10 µg/L. The black line: Kirk media as the control. All PFAS solution is the mixture of PFOA/PFOS (1:1). For a and b, the experiment was reproduced n = 3 times. The mean with error bar represents the average value and standard deviation (SD) of experimental replicates. c The microscope images of fungal growth on different materials. (1) Glucose-derived Kirk media, (2) RAPIMER composite, (3) Cellulose nanofibril composite, (4) cellulose nanofibril/lignin composite. The background is adjusted into black to show the fungus mycelia. d The digital microscopy image of I. lacteus hyphae growing on the RAPIMER substrate adsorbed with PFAS. e The RAPIMER-induced overexpressed enzymes upon PFAS treatment. The numbers denoted the normalized spectra counts for the proteins in the heat map. f The GO enriched pathway analysis of upregulated proteins in the PFAS treatment conditions.