Table 2.

Study selection and characteristics

Study	Study type	Country	Recruitment periods	Sex (M/F)	Mean age (years)		Follow-up period (months)
					Repaired	Not repaired	Repaired	Not repaired
Bochkarev (2007) [6]	Prospective Non-Randomised Concurrent Control Study	USA	Not reported but 48 months duration	100/0	48 (median)		4–46
Zendejas (2011) [11]	Retrospective Non-Randomised Concurrent Control Study	USA	September 1995–December 2009	397/12	52.5		0–168
Ismail (2010) [9]	Retrospective Non-Randomised Concurrent Control Study	India	January 2005–December 2007	919/10	46.3	45	12–40
Tiwary (2020) [8]	Prospective Non-Randomised Concurrent Control Study	India	August 2017–July 2019	30/0	40.5		12
Pawanindra (2010) [10]	Prospective Non-Randomised Non-Concurrent Control Study	India	March 2003–March 2007	150/0	36.64	37.16	60 – 72	72–84
Malouf (2017) [7]	Retrospective Non-Randomised Concurrent Control Study	Australia	July 2011–November 2015	234/0	47	52	84