Table 1.
Estimated number of treatable deaths within the first 20 years of life from scaling up surgical care at first-level hospital in LMICs by Global Burden of Disease (GBD) cause and World Bank economic groups
| GBD cause | Low-income | Lower middle income | Upper middle income | Total LMIC | % of Category | % of Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GI | Appendicitis | 1326 (613–2,054) | 3,040 (2,192–4,040) | 385 (311–489) | 4751 (3116–6584) | 16.7 | 1.5 |
| Inguinal, femoral, and abdominal hernia | 1079 (572–1612) | 1423 (2192–4040) | 150 (109–222) | 2652 (1667–3766) | 9.3 | 0.8 | |
| Paralytic ileus and intestinal obstruction | 6152 (4246–9070) | 12,851 (7941–19,312) | 2008 (1544–2564) | 21,012 (13,742–30,946) | 73.9 | 6.7 | |
| GI Total | 8557 (5,431–12,736) | 17,315 (11,120–25,285) | 2543 (1,974–3,275) | 28415 (18,525–41,296) | 100.0 | 9.0 | |
| Maternal- Neonatal | Maternal abortion and miscarriage | 1332 (1,011–1,700) | 731 (536–1,010) | 44 (35–53) | 2107 (1,583–2,763) | 1.0 | 0.7 |
| Maternal hemorrhage | 339 (264–420) | 1082 (830–1,393) | 36 (32–43) | 1457 (1,125–1,856) | 0.7 | 0.5 | |
| Maternal obstructed labor and uterine rupture | 282 (205–382) | 537 (378–741) | 28 (22–37) | 848 (605–1160) | 0.4 | 0.3 | |
| Neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma | 62754 (48,926–78,779) | 133,588 (111,933–157,461) | 2747 (2,353–3,204) | 199,088 (16,3211–239,443) | 97.8 | 63.3 | |
| Maternal-neonatal total | 64,707 (50,406–81,280) | 135,938 (113,676–160,605) | 2856 (2442–3337) | 203,500 (166,524–245,222) | 100.0 | 64.7 | |
| Injury | Adverse effects of medical treatment | 4335 (2,789–6494) | 5047 (3,594–6813) | 548 (431–723) | 9,930 (6,814–14,030) | 12.0 | 3.2 |
| Exposure to mechanical forces | 1688 (807–2861) | 3313 (1,533–5076) | 1882 (1,197–2351) | 6884 (3,538–10,289) | 8.3 | 2.2 | |
| Falls | 1543 (942–2328) | 6409 (4243–8734) | 3582 (2518–4265) | 11,534 (7704–15,327) | 13.9 | 3.7 | |
| Fire, heat, and hot substances | 3366 (2156–5098) | 6498 (3542–9912) | 831 (516–1211) | 10,695 (6215–16,221) | 12.9 | 3.4 | |
| Interpersonal violence | 1750 (994–2566) | 1398 (284–2601) | 4846 (4274–5471) | 7993 (5552–10,638) | 9.7 | 2.5 | |
| Non-venomous animal contact | 724 (490–1091) | 528 (376–743) | 86 (68–110) | 1338 (934–1944) | 1.6 | 0.4 | |
| Road injuries | 9278 (6110–14,051) | 14,720 (9696–20,995) | 8684 (7183–10,442) | 32,682 (22,990–45,488) | 39.5 | 10.4 | |
| Other transport injuries | 405 (160–700) | 1205 (667–1,685) | 28 (− 4.6–64.7) | 1638 (823–2,450) | 2.0 | 0.5 | |
| Injury total | 23,089 (14,451–35,189) | 39,118 (23,935–56,561) | 20,487 (16,183–24,637) | 82,694 (54,569–116,387) | 100.0 | 26.3 | |
| Total number of avertable deaths | 96,353 (70,288–129,205) | 192,371 (148,732–242,451) | 25,885 (20,599–31,249) | 314,609 (239,619–402,905) | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
| % of total by world bank groupings | 30.6 | 61.1 | 8.2 | 100.0 | – | – | |
Lower and upper 95% Uncertainty Intervals are shown in paratheses. See Additional file 1 for information on number of treatable deaths by age groups