Table 2.
AMSTAR-2 quality assessment summary
| Review ID | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | Overall confidence rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antoniou [36] | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Moderate |
| De Goede [32] | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Low |
| Fortelny [38] | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | PY | N | N | NMC | NMC | N | N | NMC | Y | Critically Low |
| Ismail [27] | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Low |
| Kaul [18] | Y | N | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Critically Low |
| Ladwa [16] | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y | Critically Low |
| Lederhuber [17] | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | PY | Y | N | NMC | NMC | Y | Y | NMC | Y | Moderate |
| Li [37] | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | PY | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Moderate |
| Lin [26] | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | Moderate |
| Liu [29] | N | N | Y | Y | N | Y | PY | PY | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Moderate |
| Rausa [24] | Y | PY | N | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | Moderate |
| Sajid [30] | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Low |
| Sajid [31] | N | N | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | PY | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | Critically Low |
| Sanders [33] | Y | N | N | Y | Y | N | Y | PY | PY | N | NMC | NMC | Y | Y | NMC | Y | Moderate |
| Shah [15] | N | N | N | Y | N | N | N | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Low |
| Shi [14] | N | N | N | Y | N | N | PY | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Moderate |
| Sun [9] | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | High |
| Techapongsatorn [35] | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | PY | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Moderate |
| Van Steensel [25] | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Moderate |
| Zhang [34] | Y | PY | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | PY | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | N | N | Low |
Key: 1- PICO in research question; 2- Pre-established methodology and protocol; 3- Study design justified; 4- Comprehensive literature search; 5- Duplicate study selection; 6- Duplicate data extraction; 7- Excluded studies listed & justified; 8- Included studies well-described; 9- Risk of bias appropriately assessed; 10- Funding sources of included studies highlighted; 11- Appropriate statistical analysis; 12- RoB impact assessed; 13- Impact of ROB on interpretation of results discussed; 14- Heterogeneity investigated and impact discussed; 15- Publication bias; 16- Conflicts of interest; Y Yes; N No; PY Partial Yes; NMC No meta-analysis conducted