Table 1.
Patient characteristics by duration of treatment group (short/long)
| Variables | Short treatment N = 273 |
Long treatment N = 384 |
All cohort N = 657 |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), N = 655 (median, 25–75%) | 68 (57.5–79) | 67 (54–76) | 67 (55–77) | 0.094 |
| Weight (kg), N = 369 (median, 25–75%) | 72.5 (60–82.25) | 71 (60–85) | 72 (60–83.8) | 0.984 |
| Height (m), N = 326 (mean ± SD) | 1.69 ± 0.09 | 1.68 ± 0.09 | 1.69 ± 0.09 | 0.556 |
| Gender (female) | 102 (37.4%) | 133 (34.6%) | 235 (35.8%) | 0.472 |
| Department of hospitalization | N = 273 | N = 383 | N = 656 | 0.727 |
| Non-ICU | 233 (85.3%) | 318 (83%) | 551 (84%) | |
| ICU | 40 (14.7%) | 65 (17%) | 105 (16%) | |
| Daily living activities | N = 215 | N = 339 | N = 554 | |
| Completely able | 102 (18.4%) | 189 (34.1%) | 291 (52.5%) | 0.221 |
| Limited activities | 56 (26%) | 79 (23.3%) | 135 (24.4%) | |
| Need help with activities of daily living | 47 (21.9%) | 55 (16.2%) | 102 (18.4%) | |
| Bedridden | 10 (4.7%) | 16 (4.7%) | 26 (4.7%) | |
| Arrival from | N = 272 | N = 381 | N = 653 | 0.226 |
| Home | 225 (82.7%) | 330 (86.6%) | 555 (85%) | |
| Nursing home/LTCF | 20 (7.4%) | 27 (7.1%) | 47 (7.2%) | |
| Another hospital | 27 (9.9%) | 24 (6.3%) | 51 (7.8%) | |
| Previous hospitalization (90 days) | 155 (58.1%) | 206 (55.4%) | 361 (56.5%) | 0.501 |
| Endotracheal | 36 (13.2%) | 51 (13.3%) | 87 (13.2%) | 0.972 |
| Arterial line | 38 (13.9%) | 62 (16.2%) | 100 (15.3%) | 0.418 |
| Central venous line | 127 (46.5%) | 183/382 (47.9%) | 310 (47.3%) | 0.726 |
| Urinary catheter | 112/271 (41.3%) | 142/382 (37.2%) | 254/653 (38.9%) | 0.283 |
| Any foreign body | 52/271 (19.2%) | 88/382 (23%) | 140/653 (21.4%) | 0.238 |
| Chemotherapy previous 30 days | 79 (28.9%) | 111 (28.9%) | 190 (28.9%) | 0.993 |
| Corticosteroids | 69/272 (25.4%) | 75/384 (19.5%) | 144/656 (22%) | 0.075 |
| Previous surgery (90 days) | 68 (24.9%) | 103 (26.8%) | 171 (26%) | 0.582 |
| Chronic dialysis | 9 (3.3%) | 17 (4.4%) | 26 (4%) | 0.481 |
| Intravenous drug use | 5/271(1.8%) | 3 (0.8%) | 8/655 (1.2%) | 0.286 |
| Neutropenia | 56 (20.5%) | 86 (22.4%) | 142 (21.6%) | 0.563 |
| Charlson score (median, 25–75%) | 4 (1–6) | 4 (1.25–6) | 4 (1–6) | 0.499 |
| Charlson score | ||||
| CHF | 40 (14.7%) | 49 (12.8%) | 89 (13.5%) | 0.485 |
| Solid metastatic | 34 (12.5%) | 58 (15.1%) | 92 (14%) | 0.335 |
| Hemiplegia | 14 (5.1%) | 28 (7.3%) | 42 (6.4%) | 0.264 |
| Diabetes with end organ damage | 36 (13.2%) | 37 (9.6%) | 73 (11.1%) | 0.153 |
| Dementia | 19 (7%) | 21 (5.5%) | 40 (6.1%) | 0.431 |
| Moderate-to-severe renal disease | 25 (9.2%) | 49 (12.8%) | 74 (11.3%) | 0.150 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 42 (15.4%) | 73 (19%) | 115 (17.5%) | 0.228 |
| Mild liver disease | 12 (4.4%) | 13 (3.4%) | 25 (3.8%) | 0.505 |
| Moderate-to-severe liver disease | 6 (2.2%) | 12 (3.1%) | 18 (2.9%) | 0.473 |
| Rheumatic | 22 (8.1%) | 36 (9.4%) | 58 (8.8%) | 0.558 |
| Any malignancy | 115 (42.1%) | 162 (42.2%) | 277 (42.2%) | 0.987 |
| Place of acquisition | 0.532 | |||
| Unknown | 13 (4.8%) | 12 (3.1%) | 25 (3.8%) | |
| Community | 35 (12.8%) | 43 (11.2%) | 78 (11.9%) | |
| Healthcare associated* | 74 (27.1%) | 118 (30.7%) | 192 (29.2%) | |
| Nosocomial | 151 (55.3%) | 211 (54.9%) | 362 (55.1%) | |
| MDR Pseudomonas | 20 (7.3%) | 39 (10.2%) | 59 (9%) | 0.211 |
| Aminoglycoside resistance | 33 (12.1%) | 55 (14.3%) | 88 (13.4%) | 0.407 |
| Fluoroquinolone resistance | 63 (23.1%) | 77 (20.1%) | 140 (21.3%) | 0.346 |
| Sepsis presentation | ||||
| Source of bacteremia | 0.277 | |||
| Unknown | 68 (24.9%) | 79 (20.6%) | 147 (22.4%) | |
| Abdominal | 17 (6.2%) | 28 (7.3%) | 45 (6.8%) | |
| Line associated | 64 (23.4%) | 104 (27.1%) | 168 (25.6%) | |
| Pulmonary | 40 (14.7%) | 62 (16.1%) | 102 (15.5%) | |
| Skin, soft tissue, bone, and joints | 16 (5.9%) | 25 (6.5%) | 41 (6.2%) | |
| Urinary | 67 (24.5%) | 78 (20.8%) | 145 (22.1%) | |
| Other | 1 (0.4%) | 8 (2.1%) | 9 (1.4%) | |
| SOFA score, N = 571 (median, 25–75%) | 3 (1–5) | 3 (1–5) | 3 (1–5) | 0.172 |
| Temperature, N = 634 (mean ± SD) | 38.5 ± 0.94 | 38.5 ± 0.94 | 38.5 ± 0.94 | 0.562 |
| Systolic blood pressure, N = 616 (mean ± SD) | 103.47 ± 24.3 | 104.37 ± 22.7 | 104 ± 23.4 | 0.637 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, N = 517 (median, 25–75%) | 55 (49–65) | 58 (49–64) | 56 (49–64.5) | 0.382 |
| Leukocytes, N = 641 (median, 25–75%) | 11 (2.25–17.7) | 8.7 (2–15.3) | 9.5 (2.03–15.8) | 0.170 |
| Neutrophils, N = 566 (median, 25–75%) | 8.34 (1.02–13.8) | 6.8 (1.1–13) | 7.6 (1.09–13.2) | 0.385 |
| Creatinine, N = 633 (median, 25–75%) | 1.06 (0.71–1.6) | 1.01 (0.72–1.6) | 1.03 (0.71–1.6) | 0.887 |
| Sepsis management | ||||
| Main treatment | ||||
| Antipseudomonal cephalosporin | 81 (29.7%) | 116 (30.2%) | 197 (30%) | 0.331 |
| Antipseudomonal penicillin | 129 (47.3%) | 162 (42.2%) | 291 (44.3%) | |
| Carbapenem | 63 (23.1%) | 106 (27.6%) | 169 (25.7%) | |
| Appropriate empirical treatment (< 48 h) | 207/247 (83.8%) | 313/360 (86.9%) | 520/607 (85.7%) | 0.278 |
| Appropriate empirical treatment (< 24 h) | 179/247 (72.5%) | 97/360 (73.1%) | 442/607 (72.8%) | 0.873 |
| Combination therapy | 50 (18.3%) | 69 (18%) | 119 (18.1%) | 0.910 |
| Treatment duration (median, 25–75%) | 8 (7–10) | 13 (12–14) | 11 (9–14) | < 0.001 |
ICU intensive care unit, LTCF long-term care facility, CHF congestive heart failure, MDR multidrug resistant
*Healthcare-associated bacteremia was defined as any patient coming from long-term care facility center, home intravenous or wound care previous 30 days, hemodialysis patients, previous ≥ 2 days hospitalization during last 90 days; nosocomial bacteremia was defined as onset after ≥ 48 h of hospitalization