Table 2.

Biochemical parameter of healthy, uninfected controls and HIV-infected patients

	Control	Naïve	ART-treated	p value
Glucose (mg/dl)	87.64 ± 1.77	94.73 ± 2.42 *	93.00 ± 2.20	0.039
Insulin (µU/ml)	9.25 ± 1.54	13.16 ± 1.78	9.90 ± 0.57	0.190
HOMA-IR	2.03 ± 0.33	3.40 ± 0.52 *	2.19 ± 0.16	0.030
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	73.28 ± 5.21	124.47 ± 14.95 **	117.87 ± 17.73 *	0.004
Cholesterol (mg/d)	184.40 ± 5.66	160.27 ± 8.70	179.87 ± 8.76	0.065
HDL (mg/dl)	62.42 ± 3.83	39.53 ± 2.77 ***	51.47 ± 3.76	0.001
LDL (mg/dl)	110.26 ± 4.26	95.93 ± 7.57	99.00 ± 6.47	0.167
GOT/AST (U/L)	20.88 ± 1.62	21.29 ± 1.74	18.86 ± 1.25	0.607
GPT/ALT (U/L)	18.68 ± 1.60	23.00 ± 2.29	18.43 ± 1.72	0.211

Variables are represented as mean ± standard error mean. P value refers to the comparison between three groups (control vs. naïve vs. ART). Statistically significant p values are in italics. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences with respect to control group (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001)

ART antiretroviral treatment, GOT/AST glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase or aspartate aminotransferase, GPT/ALT pyruvic glutamic transaminase or alanine aminotransferase, HDL high-density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, LDL low-density lipoprotein