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. 2022 Jul 29;23:543. doi: 10.1186/s12864-022-08780-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Orthologous components of the antiviral signaling cascade in Aplysia californica and other animals. Immune genes of interest were extracted from a custom InterProScan annotation of the Aplysia californcia RefSeq protein modles (AplCal, GCF_000002075.1) and publicly available InterPro annotations of proteins from the UniprotKB data base for Biomphalaria glabrata (Bglab, UP000076420_IPS), Crassosteraea gigas (Cgig, UP000005408), Nematostella vectensis (Nvect, UP000001593), Drosophila melanogaster (Dromel, UP000000803), Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Spurp, UP000007110), and human (Hs, UP000005640) based on InterPro domains detailed in supplementary data Supplemental File SFile5. Results were further refined using sequence similarity search among listed proteomes and predicted protein models using OrthoFinder and BLASTP. Columns of the table represent a single species, while rows represent proteins known to play key roles in antiviral signaling in mammals. Proteins are grouped according to their functional roles in antiviral signaling: viral nucleotide receptors, signaling cascade components such as adapters like STING and MAVS, antiviral effector genes such as ADAR, and components of RNA interference (RNAi) known to play a major role in arthropod viral response. Numbers in each cell represent the number of protein hits to each protein type, and thus differ from gene level numbers present in the main text. Note that hits are to Uniprot KB proteomes and as such differ from previously reported numbers for C. gigas and S. purpuratus which used predicted gene models. While Aplysia retains many viral sensors and antiviral effectors, key signaling adapters STING and MAVS are absent despite being retained in Oyster. Pyrin and hematopoietic interferon-inducible nuclear (HIN) domain (PYHIN) proteins (AIM2-like/IFI16-like); Leucine-rich repeat flightless-interacting protein 1-like (LRRFIP1); Double-strand break repair protein MRE11-like (MRE11); DNA repair protein RAD50 (RAD50); DNA-dependent protein kinase-like (DNAPK); ATP-dependent DNA helicase II/X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5/6 (Ku70/80); 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS); High mobility group box proteins (HMGBs); EIF2AK2/PKR-like (PKR); ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX41 (DDX41); Z-DNA-binding proteins (ZBP/DAI); Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS); DNA-directed RNA polymerase III (RNApol_III); RIG-I-like receptors (RLR); Mitochondrial Antiviral-Signaling Protein (MAVS); Stimulator of interferon genes (STING/MITA); TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator (TANK); Nck-associated_protein-1 (NAP1); TANK-binding kinase 1-binding protein 1 (TBKBP1/SINTBAD); TANK-binding kinase 1/ NFkB activated Kinase (TBK1/NAK); Interferon regulatory factor (IRF); Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR); Apolipoprotein B Editing Complex 3 proteins (APOBEC3); Tetherines (Bone marrow stromal antigen 2-like) (BST2L); Caveolin (CAV); Gilt (Gilt); Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx (Mx); Interferon-induced protein 44 (IFI44); Interferon-induced transmembrane protein-like (IFITML); Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase (PARPs); Ribonuclease L (RNASEL); viperins (Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing proteins) (RSADs); Deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase SAMHD (SAMHD); Tripartite motif-containing protein 5 (TRIM5); zinc finger NFX1-type containing 1 (ZNFX1); Zinc-finger antiviral proteins (ZAP); Argonaute (AGO); Dicer (Dicer); Piwi-like (PIWI); RISC-loading complex subunit TARBP (TRBP)