Table 2:
Outcomes in the intention-to-treat population
| Outcomes | PPI (n = 823) | H2RB (n = 805) | H2RB versus PPI, adjusted OR/RR (95% CI)a | P-Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary outcome | ||||
| In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 35 (4.3) | 39 (4.8) | 0.97 (0.55–1.7) | 0.919 |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||
| Clinically important upper GI bleeding, n (%) | 32 (3.9) | 39 (4.8) | 1.09 (0.66–1.81) | 0.732 |
| Clostridium difficile infection, n (%) | 7 (0.9) | 1 (0.1) | 0.18 (0.02–1.59) | 0.124 |
| Ventilator-associated conditions, n (%) | 13 (1.6) | 14 (1.7) | 0.99 (0.45–2.16) | 0.981 |
| ICU length of stay (days), median (IQR) | 3.0 (1.7–5.1) | 2.8 (1.1–4.9) | 0.92 (0.85–1.00) | 0.064 |
| Hospital length of stay (days), median (IQR) | 9.2 (6.7–17.4) | 9.8 (6.6–20.0) | 1.06 (0.99–1.13) | 0.075 |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation (h), median (IQR) | 6.3 (4.4–14.4) | 7.7 (4.9–19.9) | 1.12 (1.01–1.25) | 0.034 |
OR/RR (95% CI) and P-value were from modelling analysis. Binary (length of stay) outcomes were fitted using logistic (negative binomial) regression. Models included the following candidate variables in selection: age, sex, APACHE III score at the time of admission, admission type, admission source, surgery priority, pre-surgical comorbidities [hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, heart failure, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, prior percutaneous coronary intervention, prior coronary artery bypass grafting, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease (without renal replacement therapy), dementia, human immunodeficiency virus, malignancy], surgical procedure and Charlson comorbidity index category.
APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; CI: confidence interval; GI: gastrointestinal; H2RB: histamine-2 receptor blocker; ICU: intensive care unit; IQR: interquartile; OR: odds ratio; PPI: proton pump inhibitor; RR: risk ratio.