FIGURE 2.

Changes in neurodevelopmental characteristics in people with Down syndrome and various models relative to controls. Some of the observed phenotypes are inconsistent either from human studies or between humans and model systems. Other phenotypes are consistent within human studies and across model systems including an increase in astrocyte density, an increase in microglia activation, a decrease in motor neurons in the spinal cord, and changes in synaptic density. *The up and down arrows in the changes in synaptic density indicate an age dependent phenotype. This figure was created with BioRender.com.