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. 2022 Jul 15;13:801337. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.801337

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Metformin reduces the LPS-induced release of pyroptotic proteins and vascular adhesion molecules in mouse lung tissues. (A) Western blotting was used to determine the levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase 1 (p20), and N-terminal fragment of GSDMD. Indicative bands are shown. (B) ELISA was used to determine the protein levels of IL-1β. (C) Representative protein bands and corresponding histogram of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are shown. (D) Lung tissues were stained with NLRP3 (green) and CD31 (red). Nuclei were counterstained with 4’6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (blue). (E) Percentages of CD31+NLRP3+ cells are shown as histograms. (F) Lung tissues were stained with caspase-1 (green) and CD31 (red). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). (G) Percentages of CD31+Caspase-1+ cells are shown as histograms. Original magnification, ×200. Scale bar, 50 μm. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 7). **p < 0.01 vs. Control group, ##p < 0.01 vs. LPS group.