Table 7.
Summary of 15 cohort studies of coal miners with lung cancer standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
| Cohort studies | Countries | N | Lung Ca. SMR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liddell (13) | UK | 3,169 | 0.63 | n.a. |
| Costello et al. (14) | US | 3,726 | 0.67 | 0.4–1.0 |
| Rockette (15) | US | 23,232 | 1.13 | 1.0–1.3 |
| Armstrong et al. (16) | AUS | 213 | 0.25 | 0.01–1.4 |
| Atuhaire et al. (17) | UK | 3,865 | 0.78 | 0.7–0.9 |
| Kuempel et al. (18) | US | 8,878 | 0.77 | 0.6–1.0 |
| Swaen et al. (19) | NLD | 2,941 | 1.02 | 0.9–1.2 |
| Starzynski et al. (20) | POL | 7,065 | 1.07 | 0.9–1.2 |
| Brown et al. (21) | UK | 23,630 | 0.74 | 0.50–1.06 |
| Miyazaki and Une (22) | JP | 5,818 | <15 yr: 1.00 | 0.41–2.43 |
| >15 yr: 2.08 | 1.01–4.27 | |||
| Morfeld et al. (23) | DE | 4,581 | 0.79 | 0.64–0.96 |
| Attfield and Kuempel (24) | US | 8,899 | 1.07 | 0.95–1.19 |
| Miller and MacCalman (25) | UK | 17,820 | 0.99 | 0.93–1.05 |
| Graber et al. (26) | US | 9,033 | 1.08 | 1.00–1.18 |
| Tomášková et al. (27) | CZ | 6,687 with no CWP | 0.83 | 0.70–0.98 |
| 3,476 with CWP | 1.70 | 1.41–2.04 |