Table 3.
The estimated population attributable fraction for cardiovascular disease risk from short and long sleep duration in the United States.
| Population | Adults free of CVD, N/1,000 (40–79 years)* | Sleep duration, Mean ±SE, hours/day | CVD in 10 years, n/1,000 (10-year risk)‡ | CVD events attributable to sleep duration | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short sleep duration | Long sleep duration | ||||||
| n/1,000 | PAF (95% CI) | n/1,000 | PAF (95% CI) | ||||
| All | 112,780 | 7.44 ± 0.06 | 10,327 (9.2) | 187 | 1.8 (0.9 to 2.3) | 947 | 9.2 (6.4 to 11.6) |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 52,658 | 7.25 ± 0.06 | 5,991 (11.4) | 124 | 2.1 (1.1 to 1.7) | 484 | 8.1 (5.7 to 10.2) |
| Female | 60,122 | 7.61 ± 0.07 | 4,337 (7.2) | 63 | 1.5 (0.8 to 1.9) | 462 | 10.7 (7.5 to 13.5) |
| Age | |||||||
| 40–59 | 70,027 | 7.34 ± 0.06 | 3,061 (4.4) | 75 | 2.5 (1.3 to 3.2) | 210 | 6.9 (4.8 to 8.7) |
| 60–79 | 42,753 | 7.62 ±0.10 | 7,267 (17.0) | 112 | 1.5 (0.8 to 2.0) | 737 | 10.1 (7.1 to 12.8) |
| Race | |||||||
| Hispanic | 15,830 | 7.43 ± 0.07 | 1,240 (7.8) | 23 | 1.9 (1.0 to 2.4) | 126 | 10.2 (7.2 to 12.8) |
| Non-Hispanic white | 74,515 | 7.48 ± 0.08 | 6,812 (9.1) | 104 | 1.5 (0.8 to 2.0) | 628 | 9.2 (6.5 to 11.7) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 10,960 | 7.25 ± 0.06 | 1,294 (11.8) | 38 | 2.9 (1.5 to 3.8) | 109 | 8.4 (6.0 to 10.7) |
| Others | 11,475 | 7.43 ± 0.07 | 981 (8.6) | 23 | 2.3 (1.2 to 3.1) | 83 | 8.5 (5.9 to 10.7) |
CVD, cardiovascular disease; PAF, population attributable fraction; SE, standard error.
*
The number of subjects was estimated in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States, 2017–2018 cycle. N representing 112.8 million men and non-pregnant women who were aged 40 to 79 years and free of self-reported cardiovascular disease (congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina, myocardial infarction, or stroke).
‡
10-year risk of cardiovascular disease was predicted using the Pooled Cohort Equations in each of the United States.