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. 2022 Jun 8;20(5):405–412. doi: 10.18502/ijrm.v20i5.11055

Table 3.

Frequency distribution of echocardiography results based on referal causes of pregnant women


Fetal echocardiography
Referral indication Normal Abnormal
Maternal diabetes 40 (95.2) 2 (4.8)
Fetal arrhythmia 0 (0) 16 (100)
Mothers' old age 6 (75) 2 (25)
Echogenic focus in fetal ultrasound 6 (85.7) 1 (14.3)
Anti-Ro or Anti-La positive serology 7 (100) 0 (0)
IVF, IUI, or history of recurrent miscarriage 4 (57.1) 3 (42.9)
History of congenital heart disease in the mother, relatives, or previous children 0 (0) 6 (100)
Abnormal genetic screening test 6 (100) 0 (0)
Increased nuchal translucency 5 (100) 0 (0)
Congestive heart failure 0 (0) 5 (100)
Twin or multiple pregnancy 3 (100) 0 (0)
Special drug used by the mother 1 (50) 1 (50)
Total 78 (68.4) 36 (31.6)
Data presented as n (%). IVF: In vitro fertilization, IUI: Intrauterine insemination