Table I. Baseline characteristics of participants.

Characteristics	Mean ± SD (n = 260)
Age (yr)	31.24 ± 4.23
BMI (kg/m2)	26.94 ± 4.09
MET (MET-h/wk)	29.27 ± 2.12
WC (cm)	94.51 ± 10.35
Dietary intake
	Energy (kcal)	2516.51 ± 686.94
	Carbohydrate (gr/day)	361.38 ± 104.45
	Protein (gr/day)	94.07 ± 27.04
	Fat (gr/day)	86.77 ± 36.48
	Caffeine (mg/day)	79.41 ± 61.05
Semen parameters
	SV (mL)	4.13 ± 2.06
	SC (mill/mL)	13.11 ± 6.01
	TSM (%)	29.76 ± 18.08
	NSM (%)	2.00 ± 1.68

Data presented as Mean + SD. BMI: Body mass index, MET: Metabolic equivalents, WC: Waist circumference, SV: Semen volume, SC: Sperm concentration, TSM: Total sperm motility, NSM: Normal sperm morphology