Table 4.

Multilevel logistic regression model of fatalities in GTD with covariates (study 2)

	Logistic regression (controlling for conflict)		Logistic regression (controlling for population and GDP)		Logistic regression (controlling for time period)
	b	OR	b	OR	b	OR
Intercept	−0.20	0.82	−0.42	0.66*	−1.08	0.34***
Left-wing ideology	−0.62	0.54**	−0.67	0.51***	−0.65	0.52***
Islamist ideology	0.74	2.10***	0.93	2.54***	1.02	2.77***
Civil conflict	0.16	1.17***
Ethnic fractionalization	0.81	2.25*
Population, log			−0.05	0.95
GDP, log			−0.65	0.52***
Pre-1990 vs. post-2010					0.87	2.39***
1990–2010 vs. post-2010					0.33	1.38***
Random part
Intercept variance (groups)	1.44		1.45		1.46
Intercept variance (countries)	0.51		0.50		0.75
Deviance	72,045.6		71,562.3		71,810.6
Observations	n = 60,606		n = 60,606		n = 60,606
	Groups: 520		Groups: 520		Groups: 520
	Countries: 115		Countries: 115		Countries: 115

*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.