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. 2022 Jul 22;119(30):e2122165119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2122165119

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Whole-genome sequencing of longitudinally sampled parasites from French Guiana. (A) P. falciparum malaria cases in French Guiana dropped by an order of magnitude between 1998 and 2015 (19, 20). (B) Whole-genome sequences were obtained for 148 monoclonal P. falciparum infections sampled across these years. (C) Overall, the parasite population shows high relatedness, as measured by pairwise IBD. Median relatedness between samples from the same year increased across the sample period, correlating with the documented decrease in parasite population size. (D) After 2012, parasite pairs collected within the same year showed significantly higher median IBD (0.31) compared to parasite pairs collected within the same year before 2012 (0.19; two-sided Mann–Whitney U test, P < 0.0001) Only high-coverage samples (>30% of the genome at 5 × coverage) were included in the IBD analysis. (E) IBD relationships are also affected by the time between samples, with lower IBD observed between samples with higher temporal separation.