Table 1.

Risk of Progression From Tuberculosis Infection to Tuberculosis Disease in Children and Adolescents⁸

Risk Factors for Acquisition of TB Infection
Close Contacts	Country of Origin	High-Risk Residential Setting
Children who are close contacts of a recently diagnosed person with contagious TB are at especially high risk for TB infection	Children born in or traveled to (travel >1 week) any country outside of the United States, Canada, Northern and Western Europe, New Zealand, and Australia	Children housed in congregate settings, including homeless shelters, juvenile detention centers, immigration and customs enforcement detention facilities, or other group-based housing are at higher risk for TB infection
Risk Factors for Progression From TB Infection to Disease
Immunosuppression	Chronic Medical Conditions	Timing of Infection
HIV infection	Diabetes	Recent TB infection (ie, within the past 2 years)
Other immune deficiencies	Chronic renal disease
Solid organ transplant recipients	Malnutrition
On immunosuppressive therapy (eg, tumor necrosis factor antagonists, chemotherapy)
Age < 2 years, 10–18 years

TB = tuberculosis.