Table 5.

Examples of discovered DSIs and expert evaluations.

Identified drug- supplement Interaction	Identified Pathway	DS-Gene Source Sentences	Gene-Drug Source Sentences	Clinical Context
Curcumin And Oxytocin	Curcumin INHIBITS Interleukin 1-beta PRODUCES Oxytocin	“Additionally, the curcumin could effectively decrease mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) and suppress NF-kappaB activation.” PMID: 30,551,030	“Thus, systemic IL-1beta acts centrally to increase oxytocin secretion.” PMID: 16,553,786	Curcumin is a yellow chemical produced by turmeric (Curcuma longa). It is sold as a herbal supplement and a culinary spice. Oxytocin is a medication used to contract the uterus to increase the speed of labor and to stop bleeding following delivery. We found that Interleukin-1-beta influences oxytocin signaling and production. Therefore, co-administration of both may reduce the effect of oxytocin on labor induction
Melatonin And Reboxetine	Melatonin INTERACTS_WITH Acetylcholine receptor INHIBITS Reboxetine	“Melatonin, the pineal hormone produced during the dark phase of the light–dark cycle, modulates neuronal acetylcholine receptors located presynaptically on nerve terminals of the rat vas deferens.” PMID: 10,454,762	“In conclusion, (−)-reboxetine non-competitively inhibits muscle AChRs by binding to the TCP luminal site and by inducing receptor desensitization (maybe by interacting with non-luminal sites), a mechanism that is shared by tricyclic antidepressants.”, PMID: 23,917,086	Melatonin is a hormone primarily released by the pineal gland at night and has long been used as a dietary supplement for the short-term treatment of insomnia. Reboxetine is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used for the treatment of major depression. The clinical action of reboxetine may be partly produced by its inhibitory action on acetylcholine receptors, and melatonin may act as an acetylcholine receptors inducer. Therefore, when taken together, melatonin might interfere with the antidepressant effect of reboxetine.
Garlic And Cisplatin	Garlic INHIBITS Interleukin 1, beta INTERACTS_WITH Cisplatin	“Allicin inhibited interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) induced overproduction of nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, prostaglandin E2, and cyclooxygenase-2, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in chondrocytes in a dose-dependent manner.” PMID: 30,160,278	“Gomisin N and gamma-schizandrin also decreased the transcription of interleukin 1beta and inflammatory chemokines.” PMID: 23,085,209	Cisplatin is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of cancers. Garlic administration results in a dose-dependent reduction of IL-6, and cisplatin increased IL-6 secretion and cellular migration and proliferation. Therefore, concomitant administration of garlic and cisplatin may interfere in cancer treatment.
Buckwheat honey And Heparin	Buckwheat honey INTERACTS_WITH Chemoattractant cytokine INTERACTS_WITH Heparin	“The Effect of Manuka Honey on dHL-60 Cytokine, Chemokine, and Matrix-Degrading Enzyme Release under Inflammatory Conditions.” PMID: 31,245,627	“We investigated the possibility that specificity exists in the recognition of particular heparin/heparan sulfate structures by chemokines, by studying the binding of four members of the chemokine superfamily to heparin and heparan sulfate.” PMID: 7,922,353	Heparin is the most common clinically used anticoagulant and also has anti-inflammatory properties through inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines. Honey is used clinically to treat cough and allergies and has also been shown to inhibit the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, honey and heparin may have a synergistic anti-inflammatory effect.