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. 2022 Jul 29;144:105885. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105885

Table 1.

Sample Characteristics (n = 142 for all variables).

Demographic, social experience, and health indicators Mean (SD) or % Cronbach’s alpha
Gender Female 69.0 %
Male 28.2 %
Non-Binary 2.8 %
Age (years) 20.2 (3.02)
White/Anglo ethnicity 87.3 %
Body Mass Index 23.4 (4.37)
In-person/ offline loneliness
(1–3 scale)
1.88 (0.62) 0.80
Generalized social eudaimonia
(1–6 scale)
3.36 (1.11) 0.80
College friends “0–2″ 28.2 %
“3–5″ 43.7 %
“6–10″ 25.4 %
“11–15″ 2.8 %
Online loneliness
(1–3 scale)
1.69 (0.58) 0.72
Cultural consonance online leisure
(1–4 scale)
3.03 (0.57) 0.89
Cultural consonance online educational
(1–4 scale)
2.96 (0.53) 0.87
Exercise, times/week “none” 12.0 %
“1” 35.2 %
“2–3″ 34.5 %
“3–4″ 16.2 %
“more than 4″ 2.1 %
Smoker (at least occasionally vs. never) 16.2 %
Drinks typically on weekdays (vs. not) 19.0 %
Number of drinks on typical weekend “0” 46.5 %
“1–5″ 43.7 %
“6 or more” 9.9 %
Internet activity (hr./day) “0–1″ “1–2″ “2–3″ “3–4″ “4–5″ “5–6″ “> 6″
Streaming entertainment 5.6 % 21.1 % 29.6 % 21.1 % 9.2 % 4.2 % 9.2 %
Social media 14.8 % 35.2 % 20.4 % 16.2 % 4.9 % 4.2 % 4.2 %
Gaming 69.7 % 14.8 % 11.3 % 2.1 % 1.4 % 0.0 % 0.7 %
Voice/video conversations 44.4 % 39.4 % 9.2 % 4.2 % 0.7 % 0.0 % 2.1 %
School or work activity 2.1 % 11.2 % 17.6 % 28.2 % 11.3 % 14.3 % 15.5 %