TABLE 5.

The toxicity of TBMS-1.

	Cell lines/Model	Activity/mechanisms of action	Application	References
Acute toxicity	ICR mice	LD50 = 315.80 mg/kg (p.o.) and 40.28 mg/kg (i.m.)	In vivo	Yu et al. (1994a)
	Rabbits	0.08 mg/kg (i.m.): no substantial lesion; 1.2 mg/kg (i.m.): local hyperemia and inflammatory stimulation could be produced, and severe cases had brown degeneration	In vivo	Fu et al. (1985)
Subacute toxicity Cytotoxicity	Dogs	1.2 mg/kg (i.m.): punctate necrosis of the liver tissue and bleeding of the spleen	In vivo	Wang et al. (1984)
	MT-2 cells	LC50 = 59 μg/ml	In vitro	Yu et al. (1994b)
	L-02 cells	Inhibition of growth of L-02 cells by mitochondrial pathway	In vitro	Wang et al. (2011a)