Table 2. Characteristics of migrants living with HIV, diagnosed before or after immigration, stratified by calendar periods, Denmark, 1995–2020 (n = 2,166).
Characteristics | Calendar period | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1995–99 n = 394 |
2000–04 n = 414 |
2005–09 n = 426 |
2010–14 n = 456 |
2015–20 n = 476 |
|||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Diagnosed after immigration (n = 1,514) | 308 | 78 | 316 | 76 | 317 | 74 | 291 | 64 | 282 | 59 | |
Age in years, median (IQR) | 33 (28–38) | 32 (29 – 38) | 35 (28–41) | 35 (30–41) | 33 (28–41) | ||||||
Sexa | Males | 154 | 50 | 150 | 47 | 164 | 52 | 170 | 58 | 192 | 68 |
Females | 154 | 50 | 166 | 53 | 153 | 48 | 121 | 42 | 88 | 31 | |
Region of origin | Sub-Saharan Africa | 161 | 52 | 169 | 53 | 137 | 43 | 108 | 37 | 80 | 28 |
Western Countries | 57 | 19 | 46 | 15 | 46 | 15 | 55 | 19 | 46 | 16 | |
East and South Asia | 45 | 15 | 63 | 20 | 71 | 22 | 58 | 20 | 56 | 20 | |
Eastern Europe | 5 | 2 | 12 | 4 | 27 | 9 | 36 | 12 | 48 | 17 | |
Other | 40 | 13 | 26 | 8 | 36 | 11 | 34 | 12 | 52 | 18 | |
Reported HIV transmission modes | Sex between men | 54 | 18 | 54 | 17 | 76 | 24 | 92 | 32 | 112 | 40 |
Sex between men and women | 215 | 70 | 224 | 71 | 199 | 63 | 154 | 53 | 81 | 29 | |
Injecting drug use | 11 | 4 | 17 | 5 | 9 | 3 | 10 | 3 | ≤ 4 | ≤ 1 | |
Other/unknown | 28 | 9 | 21 | 7 | 33 | 10 | 35 | 12 | 86 | 30 | |
HIV-RNA valuesb | HIV-RNA measurement at LTC | 185 | 60 | 306 | 97 | 294 | 93 | 284 | 98 | 266 | 94 |
HIV-RNA (log10 copies/ml), median (IQR) | 4.6 (3.9–5.2) | 4.7 (4.1 – 5.3) | 4.5 (3.7–5.1) | 4.7 (4.0–5.3) | 4.7 (3.8–5.3) | ||||||
HIV-RNA < 200 copies/ml | 5 | 3 | 12 | 4 | 13 | 4 | 19 | 7 | 29 | 11 | |
CD4+ T-cell countsb | CD4+ T-cell count at LTC | 294 | 95 | 307 | 97 | 289 | 91 | 285 | 98 | 246 | 87 |
CD4+ T-cell count (cells/µL), median (IQR)c | 253 (95–400) | 220 (89–440) | 310 (163–441) | 334 (152–524) | 330 (179–502) | ||||||
Late-stage HIV | Late presentersd | 197 | 67 | 205 | 67 | 168 | 58 | 151 | 53 | 135 | 55 |
Advanced HIV diseasee | 124 | 42 | 147 | 48 | 91 | 31 | 98 | 34 | 70 | 28 | |
AIDS | 45 | 15 | 47 | 15 | 38 | 12 | 33 | 11 | 12 | 12 | |
Diagnosed before immigration (n = 652) | 86 | 22 | 98 | 24 | 109 | 26 | 165 | 36 | 194 | 41 | |
Age in years, median (IQR) | 32 (28–38) | 31 (26–37) | 35 (30–41) | 34 (28–41) | 33 (29–41) | ||||||
Sex | Males | 39 | 45 | 36 | 37 | 62 | 57 | 101 | 61 | 123 | 63 |
Females | 47 | 55 | 62 | 63 | 47 | 43 | 64 | 39 | 71 | 37 | |
Region of origin | Sub-Saharan Africa | 46 | 53 | 48 | 49 | 43 | 39 | 55 | 33 | 44 | 23 |
Western Countries | 21 | 24 | 19 | 19 | 34 | 31 | 51 | 31 | 71 | 37 | |
East and South Asia | 15 | 17 | 24 | 24 | 14 | 13 | 28 | 17 | 29 | 15 | |
Eastern Europe | ≤ 4 | ≤ 5 | ≤ 4 | ≤ 4 | 5 | 5 | 17 | 10 | 19 | 10 | |
Other | ≤ 4 | ≤ 5 | 6 | 6 | 13 | 12 | 14 | 8 | 31 | 16 | |
Reported HIV transmission modes | Sex between men | 20 | 23 | 18 | 18 | 41 | 38 | 63 | 38 | 60 | 31 |
Sex between men and women | 51 | 59 | 69 | 70 | 61 | 56 | 56 | 34 | 42 | 22 | |
Injecting drug use | ≤ 4 | ≤ 5 | ≤ 4 | ≤ 4 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 4 | ≤ 4 | ≤ 2 | |
Other/unknown | 11 | 13 | 7 | 7 | ≤ 4 | ≤ 4 | 39 | 24 | 92 | 47 | |
HIV-RNA valuesf | HIV-RNA measurement at LTC | 53 | 62 | 85 | 87 | 97 | 89 | 151 | 92 | 181 | 93 |
HIV-RNA (log10 copies/ml), median (IQR) | 4.3 (2.8–5.1) | 4.4 (3.4–5.0) | 2.6 (1.6–4.3) | 1.9 (1.3–4.4) | 1.3 (1.3–1.5) | ||||||
HIV-RNA < 200 copies/ml | 6 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 45 | 46 | 84 | 56 | 151 | 83 | |
CD4+ T-cell countsf | CD4+ T-cell count at LTC | 74 | 86 | 93 | 94 | 93 | 85 | 148 | 90 | 145 | 75 |
CD4+ T-cell count (cells/µL), median (IQR)c | 270 (133–488) | 262 (128–472) | 376 (224–560) | 435 (290–603) | 600 (446–774) | ||||||
Late-stage HIV | CD4+ T-cell < 350 cells/µL/AIDSf | 44 | 59 | 57 | 61 | 40 | 43 | 58 | 39 | 19 | 13 |
CD4+ T-cell < 200 cells/µL/AIDSf | 28 | 38 | 35 | 38 | 21 | 23 | 30 | 20 | 8 | 6 | |
AIDS | 10 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 3 |
AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; IQR: interquartile range; LTC: linkage to care; NA: not applicable.
All characteristics were collected at date of LTC.
a Missing information on sex on ≤ 4 (≤ 0.2%) in 2015–20.
b Data were missing for some MLWH for the following variables: HIV-RNA (n = 179) and CD4+ T-cell count (n = 93) and were excluded from analyses of HIV-RNA, CD4+ T-cell count and late presentation/advanced HIV disease.
c CD4+ T-cell normal range: 500–1,500 cells/µl.
d Presenting with CD4+ T-cell count < 350 cells/µl or with an AIDS-defining event regardless of CD4+ T-cell count.
e Presenting with CD4+ T-cell count < 200 cells/µl or with an AIDS-defining event regardless of CD4+ T-cell count.
f Data were missing for some MLWH for the following variables: HIV-RNA (n = 85) and CD4+ T-cell count (n = 99) and were excluded from analyses of HIV-RNA and CD4+ T-cell count.