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. 2022 Jun 29;16(1):275–298. doi: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2087484

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© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 4. — Cell types and experimental systems of Drosophila for evaluating the effects of disease protein toxicity on each region in neurone. (A) the number of cell bodies is quantified by visualisation of the dopaminergic or the cholinergic neurones. (B) The degeneration of neurites is evaluated in dendrite (dendritic arborisation neurone) and axons (wing nerve, leg motor neurone, photoreceptor neurone, and olfactory receptor neurone). (C) The number and the structure of synapse is quantified in neuromuscular junction, photoreceptor axon, and olfactory receptor neurone.