Table 1.

Example of reverse translational researches.

Disease	Fly model	Novel processes or modifiers identified in fly	Patient tissue	Reference No.
LBD	Panneuronal OE of αsynuclein	abnormalities in the actin filament network and the formation of rod-shaped actin-positive structures in neurones	The formation of rod-shaped actin-positive structures in cingulate cortex	101
AD and PSP	Panneuronal OE of Tau	relaxed heterochromatin	The increased transcription of genes and transposable elements in post-mortem brains	102, 103, 104
AD	Panneuronal OE of Tau	Deficient in endogenous biotin	The reduced carboxylase biotinylation in frontal cortex	105
ALS	eye OE of TDP-43	ATXN2	The accumulation of ATXN2 in the cytoplasm of motor neuronse	109
ALS	eye OE of TDP-43	ALYREF	Elevated ALYREF in the motor neurones	114
ALS	eye or panneuronal OE of DVAP	Rab5	The accumulated RAB5 in the cytoplasm in motor neurones	115
FTD-ALS	eye OE of G4C2 repeats	PAF1 complex	The elevated PAF1 mRNA in the frontal lobes	111
FTD-ALS	eye OE of G4C2 repeats	dIF4B and eIF4H	The down-regulated eIF4H in the post-mortem brains	112