Table 3.

Association between dietary patterns or vitamin supplementation and global DNA methylation in different adjusted models.

	Alu (16.2 ± 1.0) *				LINE-1 (26.1 ± 1.9) *
Exposure	β a (SE)	P-value	β b (SE)	P-value	β a (SE)	P-value	β b (SE)	P-value
Dietary patterns
Varied and balanced	-0.02 (0.03)	0.60	-0.02 (0.03)	0.52	-0.10 (0.07)	0.16	-0.07 (0.07)	0.31
Vegetarian tendency	0.02 (0.04)	0.69	0.03 (0.04)	0.50	-0.13 (0.08)	0.11	-0.10 (0.08)	0.18
Bread and starchy food	0.03 (0.04)	0.52	0.03 (0.04)	0.41	-0.06 (0.09)	0.52	-0.05 (0.09)	0.58
Vitamin supplementation
No supplementation	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Before pregnancy only	-0.14 (0.14)	0.29	-0.14 (0.14)	0.29	0.10 (0.29)	0.74	0.06 (0.28)	0.82
During pregnancy only	0.15 (0.09)	0.11	0.16 (0.09)	0.08	0.18 (0.20)	0.37	0.23 (0.20)	0.24
Before and during pregnancy	0.40 (0.14)	0.005	0.37 (0.14)	0.009	-0.07 (0.30)	0.80	-0.10 (0.29)	0.74

Median percentage of the four CpG sites in Alu and long interspersed nucleotide elements [LINE-1] as proxies of overall methylation level

Data are regression coefficients for an increase in one score unit for each dietary pattern.

*mean percentage methylation level

^aAdjusted models for study centre, maternal age, child sex, smoking during pregnancy, gestational age, batch effect and vitamin supplementation (model for dietary pattern), and adjusted mutually for the three dietary patterns (model for vitamin supplementation).

^bAdditional adjustment for estimated cellular composition.

P < 0.05. SE: standard error