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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Glaucoma. 2021 Dec 2;31(6):e18–e31. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000001968

Table 7: Eye Exam and Treatment in Patients with Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy.

Findings on eye exam, testing results, and treatment of patients with glaucomatous optic neuropathy as broken down by presence of metabolic syndrome.

Unadjusted analysis Adjusting for age, sex, race (white vs. non-white), and smoking history

Association between metabolic syndrome and: N Median (minimum, maximum) or No. (%) for the given group N Association measure Estimate (95% CI) P-value Estimate (95% CI) P-value

No Metabolic Syndrome Metabolic Syndrome
VA OD (0.1 logMAR unit) 351 0.0 (−0.1, 1.0) 993 0.0 (−0.1, 5.0) Odds ratio 1.43 (1.26, 1.62) <0.01 1.19 (1.06, 1.35) <0.01
VA OS (0.1 logMAR unit) 351 0.0 (−0.1, 0.5) 995 0.0 (−0.1, 5.0) Odds ratio 1.43 (1.26, 1.62) <0.01 1.19 (1.05, 1.34) <0.01
VA mean (0.1 logMAR unit) 351 0.0 (−0.1, 0.7) 989 0.1 (−0.1, 4.0) Odds ratio 1.55 (1.34, 1.79) <0.01 1.25 (1.09, 1.44) <0.01
IOP OD (5 mmHg) 661 15.0 (4.0, 35.0) 3802 15.0 (2.0, 76.0) Odds ratio 1.01 (0.92, 1.11) 0.81 1.21 (1.07, 1.37) <0.01
IOP OS (5 mmHg) 665 15.0 (2.0, 30.0) 3808 15.0 (0.0, 68.0) Odds ratio 0.97 (0.88, 1.07) 0.55 1.18 (1.05, 1.33) <0.01
IOP mean (5 mmHg) 660 15.0 (3.5, 30.0) 3785 15.0 (2.5, 63.0) Odds ratio 0.99 (0.89, 1.10) 0.81 1.23 (1.08, 1.40) <0.01
C:D OD (0.10) 652 0.60 (0.00, 1.00) 3831 0.65 (0.00, 1.00) Odds ratio 1.06 (1.02, 1.10) <0.01 0.99 (0.95, 1.04) 0.69
C:D OS (0.10) 653 0.60 (0.00, 1.00) 3849 0.65 (0.00, 1.00) Odds ratio 1.07 (1.03, 1.11) <0.01 1.00 (0.96, 1.04) 0.93
C:D mean (0.10) 648 0.60 (0.00, 1.00) 3797 0.65 (0.00, 1.00) Odds ratio 1.08 (1.04, 1.12) <0.01 1.00 (0.95, 1.05) 0.92
Total Number of Drops 682 3971 Odds ratio 1.29 (1.18, 1.40) <0.01 1.08 (0.99, 1.18) 0.08
 0 471 (69.1%) 2228 (56.1%)
 1 100 (14.7%) 795 (20.0%)
 2 62 (9.1%) 459 (11.6%)
 3 38 (5.6%) 324 (8.2%)
 4 11 (1.6%) 155 (3.9%)
 5 0 (0.0%) 10 (0.3%)
Drops 1+ 682 211 (30.9%) 3971 1743 (43.9%) Odds ratio 1.75 (1.47, 2.08) <0.01 1.20 (0.99, 1.45) 0.07
Incisional Glaucoma Surgery 682 40 (5.9%) 3971 333 (8.4%) Odds ratio 1.47 (1.05, 2.06) 0.03 1.07 (0.74, 1.53) 0.73
Minor Glaucoma Procedure 682 48 (7.0%) 3971 373 (9.4%) Odds ratio 1.37 (1.00, 1.87) <0.05 1.08 (0.77, 1.50) 0.66
CCT OD (20 μm) 306 551.5 (435.0, 649.0) 1841 557.0 (409.0, 740.0) Odds ratio 1.07 (1.01, 1.14) 0.03 1.09 (1.02, 1.17) 0.01
CCT OS (20 μm) 307 554.0 (440.0, 658.0) 1840 558.0 (379.0, 812.0) Odds ratio 1.07 (1.00, 1.13) 0.04 1.09 (1.02, 1.16) 0.01
CCT mean (20 μm) 305 553.0 (437.5, 647.0) 1834 557.3 (394.0, 718.5) Odds ratio 1.07 (1.00, 1.14) 0.04 1.09 (1.02, 1.17) 0.01
VFMD OD (1 dB) 138 0.2 (−20.3, 4.3) 412 −0.5 (−29.2, 3.3) Odds ratio 0.94 (0.90, 0.99) 0.01 0.97 (0.92, 1.02) 0.29
VFMD OS (1 dB) 139 −0.4 (−27.0, 2.9) 408 −0.9 (−30.0, 5.0) Odds ratio 0.95 (0.90, 0.99) 0.02 0.97 (0.92, 1.02) 0.26
VFMD mean (1 dB) 138 −0.2 (−16.3, 3.1) 406 −0.7 (−27.5, 3.7) Odds ratio 0.93 (0.89, 0.98) 0.01 0.97 (0.91, 1.03) 0.26
RNFL OD (10 μm) 207 83.0 (50.0, 147.0) 1057 79.0 (37.0, 133.0) Odds ratio 0.78 (0.70, 0.88) <0.01 0.97 (0.85, 1.10) 0.61
RNFL OS (10 μm) 208 83.0 (50.0, 143.0) 1061 78.0 (30.0, 124.0) Odds ratio 0.78 (0.70, 0.87) <0.01 0.89 (0.79, 1.01) 0.07
RNFL mean (10 μm) 207 82.5 (56.0, 123.5) 1048 78.0 (41.0, 126.0) Odds ratio 0.74 (0.66, 0.84) <0.01 0.91 (0.60, 1.05) 0.20

CI=confidence interval. Logistic regression model.

VA and VFMD analyses exclude patients with cataract, macular degeneration, other forms of optic neuropathy, retinal vascular occlusion, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy

RNFL analysis excludes patients with other forms of optic neuropathy, retinal vascular occlusion, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy