Figure 2.

Punishing the unsignaled action leads to caution about producing the signaled action regardless of the duration of the avoidance interval. A, Performance of signaled active avoidance during three different AA1 procedures in which the avoidance interval lasted 4, 7, or 15 s. Addition of AA2, which punishes ITCs, in any of these procedures caused delayed avoidance latencies, regardless of the duration of the avoidance interval. B, Probability histogram (%) of avoidance latencies during AA1 and AA2 fitted with an exponential Gaussian for the procedures in A. Note the rightward shift of the latencies indicating the mice delayed the signaled action in a sign of caution.