Table 2.
The comparison of PFOA removal among different membrane technologies and adsorbents (C0 suggests initial concentration of PFOA).
| Method | C0 (μmol/ L) |
Water matrix | Operation | Removal (%) |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nanofibrous PVDF-g-QA | 0.12 | Synthetic groundwater | Gravity-driven | 97.9 ± 1.4 | This study |
| Nanofibrous PVA/PDDA | 0.024 | DI water | Gravity-driven | >99.0 | [21] |
| Nanofiltration | 0.0024 | Synthetic groundwater | Pressure-driven | >95.0 | [41] |
| Reverse osmosis | 0.24 | River water | Pressure-driven | >99.0 | [45] |
| Ultrafiltration | 0.024 | DI water | Pressure-driven | <60.0 | [44] |
| Activated carbon | 0.024 | Synthetic groundwater | Batch mode | >99.0a | [43] |
| Amine-modified | 1.21 | Synthetic lake water | Batch mode | >95.0b | [46] |
a
The weight ratio of adsorbent/PFOA was 10000.
b
The weight ratio of adsorbent/PFOA was 50.