TABLE 2.
Prevalence of Down syndrome in 1990/2019 and temporal trends.
| Characteristic | 1990 | 2019 | 1990–2019 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalent case no.×103 (95% CI) | ASPR/105 no. (95% CI) | Prevalent cases no.×103 (95% CI) | ASPR/105 no. (95% CI) | EAPC no. (95% CI) | ||||
| Overall | 1257.11 (989.42–1573.67) | 21.18 (16.71–26.54) | 1579.78 (1251.95–1962.09) | 21.51 (16.98–26.79) | 0.09 (-0.04–0.21) | |||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 687.89 (539.06–860.68) | 22.67 (17.82–28.42) | 875.71 (694.18–1094.87) | 23.37 (18.47–29.27) | 0.12 (0.01–0.23) | |||
| Female | 569.22 (449.47–713.06) | 19.63 (15.5–24.53) | 704.08 (558.97–870.37) | 19.53 (15.48–24.24) | 0.04 (-0.09–0.18) | |||
| Socio-demographic factor | ||||||||
| High SDI | 332.64 (268.82–409.11) | 44.67 (36.06–54.88) | 384.95 (314.48–464.44) | 49.11 (39.84–59.5) | 0.08 (-0.03–0.19) | |||
| High-middle SDI | 313.94 (248.45–392.42) | 27.21 (21.55–34.04) | 285.49 (226.45–353.59) | 25.84 (20.37–32.09) | 0.02 (-0.11–0.15) | |||
| Middle SDI | 335.95 (258.08–429.31) | 16.5 (12.67–21.14) | 424.53 (330.33–535.98) | 19.81 (15.43–25.1) | 0.77 (0.62–0.92) | |||
| Low-middle SDI | 185.72 (141.88–242.46) | 12.75 (9.74–16.61) | 280.46 (215.52–358.7) | 14.86 (11.41–19) | 0.66 (0.5–0.82) | |||
| Low SDI | 88 (66.25–114.99) | 11.83 (8.96–15.42) | 203.05 (153.82–265.88) | 13.53 (10.3–17.65) | 0.55 (0.4–0.71) | |||
| Region | ||||||||
| East Asia | 174.58 (130.1–225.49) | 13.16 (9.82–17.02) | 150.8 (114.99–197.29) | 14.25 (10.79–18.62) | 0.47 (0.31–0.63) | |||
| Southeast Asia | 97.84 (74.63–125.41) | 17 (13–21.71) | 140.66 (109.39–178.07) | 22.02 (17.07–27.94) | 1.05 (0.78–1.32) | |||
| Oceania | 1.04 (0.77–1.37) | 12.25 (9.08–16.11) | 2.41 (1.78–3.16) | 14.91 (11–19.59) | 0.66 (0.55–0.78) | |||
| Central Asia | 14.62 (10.95–19.01) | 17.74 (13.34–22.95) | 18.31 (14–24.16) | 19.21 (14.69–25.35) | 0.36 (0.23–0.48) | |||
| Central Europe | 29.28 (23.21–35.99) | 26.9 (21.38–33.19) | 18.6 (14.78–23.17) | 24.11 (19.02–29.98) | 0.25 (-0.3–0.8) | |||
| Eastern Europe | 60.13 (46.96–76.15) | 31.29 (24.27–39.58) | 38.23 (29.48–48.38) | 26.55 (20.36–33.92) | -0.21 (-0.34∼-0.08) | |||
| High-income Asia Pacific | 76.14 (59.58–97.29) | 50.13 (39.36–63.84) | 71.38 (54.62–89.26) | 60.05 (45.94–75.66) | 0.8 (0.69–0.91) | |||
| Australasia | 8.39 (6.63–10.49) | 44.78 (35.42–55.77) | 11.86 (9.32–14.94) | 50.74 (39.96–64.22) | 0.35 (0.3–0.39) | |||
| Western Europe | 209.73 (175.02–249.84) | 62.59 (52.22–74.62) | 221.74 (183.68–267.97) | 65.4 (54.03–79.11) | -0.01 (-0.15–0.13) | |||
| Southern Latin America | 26.08 (20.19–33.38) | 50.59 (39.23–64.8) | 39.37 (30.25–49.64) | 64.95 (49.88–81.99) | 1.49 (1.2–1.78) | |||
| High-income North America | 85.22 (64.52–112.35) | 32.85 (24.87–43.19) | 115.5 (92.37–138.71) | 39.65 (31.67–47.64) | -0.15 (-0.41–0.11) | |||
| Caribbean | 11.4 (9.2–14.31) | 28.7 (23.2–35.75) | 16.07 (12.83–20.24) | 36.42 (28.91–46) | 0.95 (0.87–1.04) | |||
| Andean Latin America | 7.24 (5.48–9.44) | 15 (11.41–19.58) | 12.02 (9.09–15.39) | 18.37 (13.89–23.53) | 0.64 (0.56–0.72) | |||
| Central Latin America | 60.44 (46.82–77.23) | 28.96 (22.64–36.95) | 63.88 (49.38–79.77) | 25.99 (20.06–32.51) | -0.06 (-0.23–0.12) | |||
| Tropical Latin America | 56.46 (44.1–71.67) | 31.43 (24.61–39.73) | 60.99 (46.66–77.83) | 30.44 (23.32–39.01) | -0.46 (-0.71∼-0.22) | |||
| North Africa and Middle East | 124.03 (94.23–159.62) | 27.17 (20.59–34.87) | 215.58 (162.68–278.82) | 33.98 (25.71–44.06) | 0.76 (0.64–0.87) | |||
| South Asia | 139.62 (104.63–182.12) | 9.93 (7.51–12.92) | 218.32 (166.29–283.09) | 11.49 (8.76–14.88) | 0.7 (0.49–0.92) | |||
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 8.84 (6.71–11.54) | 11.14 (8.42–14.35) | 21.6 (16.52–28.19) | 12.19 (9.33–15.81) | 0.34 (0.25–0.44) | |||
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 26.57 (20.21–34.35) | 9.63 (7.29–12.51) | 57.96 (44.11–75.51) | 10.38 (7.93–13.45) | 0.35 (0.18–0.52) | |||
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 12.41 (9.35–16.22) | 18.5 (13.93–24.09) | 16.34 (12.52–21.14) | 19.39 (14.88–25.1) | 0.28 (0.08–0.48) | |||
| Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 27.05 (20.59–34.87) | 10.28 (7.91–13.27) | 68.15 (52.55–87.82) | 11.25 (8.7–14.43) | 0.38 (0.26–0.49) | |||
Note: ASPR, age-standardized prevalent rate per 100,000 population; EAPC, annual percentage change.