TABLE 4.
Death of Down syndrome in 1990/2019 and temporal trends.
| Characteristic | 1990 | 2019 | 1990–2019 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Death no.×103 (95% CI) | ASDR/105 no. (95% CI) | Death no.×103 (95% CI) | ASDR/105 no. (95% CI) | EAPC no. (95% CI) | ||||
| Overall | 25.38 (16.9–52.83) | 0.41 (0.27–0.84) | 22.28 (17.76–33.17) | 0.32 (0.25–0.48) | -0.84 (-0.89∼-0.79) | |||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 12.51 (9–34.33) | 0.39 (0.28–1.05) | 11.26 (9.14–18.82) | 0.31 (0.25–0.53) | -0.77 (-0.84∼-0.7) | |||
| Female | 12.87 (6.54–28.19) | 0.42 (0.22–0.92) | 11.03 (7.94–17.61) | 0.32 (0.22–0.53) | -0.9 (-0.95∼-0.85) | |||
| Socio-demographic factor | ||||||||
| High SDI | 1.47 (1.35–1.77) | 0.21 (0.19–0.25) | 3.29 (2.47–3.6) | 0.3 (0.24–0.33) | 1.49 (1.3–1.68) | |||
| High-middle SDI | 4.8 (3.87–6.9) | 0.46 (0.37–0.67) | 2.61 (2.28–3) | 0.26 (0.22–0.3) | -2.49 (-2.7∼-2.28) | |||
| Middle SDI | 8.82 (6.56–15.25) | 0.44 (0.33–0.75) | 4.63 (3.91–5.49) | 0.24 (0.2–0.29) | -2.27 (-2.42∼-2.13) | |||
| Low-middle SDI | 5.7 (3.18–14.24) | 0.36 (0.21–0.86) | 4.93 (3.63–7.16) | 0.29 (0.21–0.41) | -0.62 (-0.67∼-0.58) | |||
| Low SDI | 4.58 (1.31–15.02) | 0.5 (0.17–1.56) | 6.81 (3.49–15.44) | 0.43 (0.24–0.93) | -0.3 (-0.46∼-0.15) | |||
| Region | ||||||||
| East Asia | 6.92 (5.11–10.65) | 0.57 (0.42–0.88) | 1.47 (1.16–1.89) | 0.17 (0.13–0.23) | -4.77 (-5.27∼-4.26) | |||
| Southeast Asia | 0.92 (0.51–2.22) | 0.16 (0.09–0.38) | 0.99 (0.8–1.22) | 0.17 (0.14–0.21) | 0.28 (0.19–0.36) | |||
| Oceania | 0.02 (0.01–0.07) | 0.25 (0.1–0.69) | 0.06 (0.02–0.15) | 0.33 (0.15–0.83) | 1.36 (1.16–1.56) | |||
| Central Asia | 0.12 (0.09–0.22) | 0.13 (0.1–0.24) | 0.09 (0.07–0.12) | 0.1 (0.07–0.13) | -1.61 (-2.05∼-1.17) | |||
| Central Europe | 0.21 (0.18–0.31) | 0.22 (0.18–0.33) | 0.13 (0.1–0.16) | 0.15 (0.12–0.19) | -1.74 (-1.97∼-1.51) | |||
| Eastern Europe | 0.51 (0.41–0.58) | 0.31 (0.24–0.36) | 0.24 (0.19–0.31) | 0.16 (0.12–0.22) | -3.46 (-3.91∼-3.01) | |||
| High-income Asia Pacific | 0.2 (0.17–0.23) | 0.18 (0.15–0.21) | 0.09 (0.08–0.11) | 0.09 (0.07–0.1) | -2.32 (-2.93∼-1.7) | |||
| Australasia | 0.04 (0.04–0.05) | 0.23 (0.2–0.28) | 0.11 (0.08–0.12) | 0.35 (0.25–0.42) | 1.24 (0.92–1.57) | |||
| Western Europe | 0.81 (0.73–1.03) | 0.25 (0.22–0.32) | 1.8 (1.23–1.99) | 0.36 (0.26–0.4) | 1.9 (1.7–2.11) | |||
| Southern Latin America | 0.25 (0.2–0.34) | 0.49 (0.41–0.67) | 0.3 (0.22–0.37) | 0.54 (0.4–0.67) | 0.72 (0.51–0.92) | |||
| High-income North America | 0.43 (0.4–0.53) | 0.16 (0.15–0.2) | 1.41 (1.09–1.53) | 0.32 (0.25–0.35) | 2.27 (1.86–2.69) | |||
| Caribbean | 0.23 (0.13–0.41) | 0.61 (0.37–1.03) | 0.3 (0.17–0.51) | 0.68 (0.36–1.14) | 0.48 (0.43–0.53) | |||
| Andean Latin America | 0.23 (0.16–0.37) | 0.41 (0.29–0.68) | 0.22 (0.15–0.3) | 0.35 (0.23–0.48) | -0.89 (-1.42∼-0.35) | |||
| Central Latin America | 0.7 (0.61–0.87) | 0.32 (0.28–0.4) | 0.79 (0.57–1.02) | 0.34 (0.24–0.44) | 0.32 (0.14–0.49) | |||
| Tropical Latin America | 1.55 (0.8–2.46) | 0.92 (0.48–1.45) | 1.28 (1.03–1.8) | 0.72 (0.57–1.03) | -1.01 (-1.15∼-0.87) | |||
| North Africa and Middle East | 4.26 (2.43–9.96) | 0.81 (0.47–1.87) | 2.97 (2.3–4.11) | 0.49 (0.38–0.69) | -1.66 (-1.73∼-1.6) | |||
| South Asia | 3.62 (1.63–9.75) | 0.25 (0.13–0.63) | 3.05 (1.93–4.35) | 0.18 (0.11–0.26) | -1.03 (-1.1∼-0.96) | |||
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 0.55 (0.15–1.88) | 0.54 (0.18–1.73) | 0.71 (0.37–1.44) | 0.39 (0.22–0.77) | -1.03 (-1.13∼-0.94) | |||
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 1.63 (0.4–5.15) | 0.48 (0.14–1.41) | 2.29 (1.19–4.76) | 0.39 (0.22–0.77) | -0.42 (-0.7∼-0.15) | |||
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 0.25 (0.19–0.35) | 0.38 (0.29–0.52) | 0.33 (0.25–0.42) | 0.41 (0.32–0.53) | 0.34 (0.1–0.58) | |||
| Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 1.92 (0.43–6.67) | 0.56 (0.16–1.87) | 3.64 (1.34–9.76) | 0.53 (0.22–1.35) | 0.04 (-0.05–0.13) | |||
Note: ASIR, age-standardized incident rate per 100,000 population; ASDR, age-standardized death rate per 100,000 population; EAPC, annual percentage change.