Table 2.

Relationship between pneumonia and each variable (logistic regression analysis).

		Odds ratio (95% CI)	P value
Male		1.81 (1.11–2.93)	0.016
Age ≥70 years (reference ≤69 years)		2.57 (1.48–4.43)	0.001
BMI <18.5 (reference ≥18.5)		1.23 (0.62–2.44)	0.556
JCS at ≥2 digits (reference ≤1 digit)		2.93 (1.82–4.81)	<0.0001
Heart failure		2.11 (1.06–4.23)	0.034
Respiratory illness		2.11 (1.17–3.80)	0.014
Nonintervention by a speech-language pathologist within 3 days of hospitalization		0.75 (0.41–1.38)	0.358
DCS
(reference Post)	Pre	3.16 (1.65–6.05)	0.001
	During	2.79 (1.48–5.31)	0.002
(reference During)
	Pre	1.13 (0.68–1.88)	0.638

BMI, body mass index; JCS, Japan Coma Scale; DCS, dental care system.