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. 2022 Jul 29;12:12996. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16631-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mediation effects of amputation, PTA after discharge and ESRD on the association between concomitant PTA and all-cause death. Amputation and PTA after discharge significantly mediate the association between concomitant PTA and all-cause death, whereas ESRD does not mediate the association. The mediation analyses were performed in the PSM cohort using a bootstrap method. Statistical models used in the mediation analyses were time-varying survival regression models with a Gaussian distribution, while the associations presented in the diagrams were produced from Cox proportional hazard models (Model a and Model b) and time-varying Cox proportional hazard models (Model c).