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. 2022 Jul 29;79(8):455. doi: 10.1007/s00018-022-04494-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Effects of dual NPC and ESI-05 treatment on scar area, microglial phenotype, and NeuN + cell gap. A Quantification of the scar area (GFAP-) throughout longitudinal slices in the mid-region of the injured spinal cord. Two-way ANOVA: ****p < 0.0001. B Representative images of GFAP immunostaining and traced GFAP- area (white line). C Morphological visualization of microglial cells by Iba-1 staining and determination of the percentage of ramified microglial cells. D Pie charts representing the microglial population segregated in ramified or circular cells for each experimental group. E Representative images of P2X4 immunostaining and its quantification. One-way ANOVA: *p < 0.05. F Representative images (left panel) of the sparsity of NeuN + cells through the injury and quantification of the gap distance (right panel). G Heat map showing the mean number of NeuN + cells per experimental group in each spinal segment of 2 mm