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. 2022 Jul 29;12:13075. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14668-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Comparison of associations between growth metrics and microbes. (A) Venn diagram depicting the top 10 genera by lowest p-value produced from adjusted MaAsLin2 regressions. (B) Venn diagram depicting the top 10 species by lowest p-value. For both (A) and (B), blue and red are indicative of positive and negative coefficients respectively. (C) Dot and whisker plots to represent the relative abundance change attributable to the child growth metric. Each row represents the coefficient estimate from a different linear regression model. These adjusted regression models included the exposure (growth variable) and the following covariates: delivery mode (vaginal or cesarean), sex (male or female), sample age in days, maternal BMI, gestational age in weeks, and solid foods start age in months. The sample size of the adjusted models for the growth metrics measured at the time of saliva sample collection was 202. The sample size for the rapid weight gain model was 138. Species were selected for univariate linear regression analysis due to their overlap in the species-level Venn diagram.