Table 1.
Significantly different metabolites in male vs. female mouse hearts under sedentary conditions.
| Metabolite | HMDB | FDR | p value | Relative fold change (female/male) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-GPE (P-16:0/20:4)* | HMDB0011352 | 0.058985 | 0.0049448 | 1.8496 |
| 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-palmitoyl-GPC (P-16:0/16:0)* | HMDB0011206 | 0.098967 | 0.01363 | 1.5773 |
| 1-(1-enyl-stearoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-GPE (P-18:0/20:4)* | HMDB0005779 | 0.042021 | 0.0026001 | 2.4368 |
| 1,2-dipalmitoyl-GPC (16:0/16:0) | HMDB0000564 | 0.032553 | 0.0017543 | 1.1384 |
| 1,2-dipalmitoyl-GPE (16:0/16:0)* | HMDB0008923 | 0.085015 | 0.010012 | 1.8653 |
| 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) | HMDB0002712 | 0.026958 | 0.001071 | 0.74591 |
| 18-methylnonadecanoate (i20:0) | 0.076639 | 0.0077645 | 0.64032 | |
| 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-GPE (16:0/18:1) | HMDB0005320 | 0.064962 | 0.0057053 | 1.7594 |
| 1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-GPC (16:0/18:0) | HMDB0007970 | 0.080764 | 0.0088663 | 1.4596 |
| 1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-GPE (16:0/18:0) * | HMDB08925 | 0.095363 | 0.012943 | 2.2263 |
| 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPC (18:0/20:4) | HMDB0008048 | 0.048158 | 0.0034605 | 1.388 |
| 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-GPE (18:0/18:1) | HMDB0008993 | 0.076639 | 0.0081075 | 2.1764 |
| 2,4-dihydroxybutyrate | HMDB0000360 | 0.017783 | 0.0004969 | 0.45552 |
| 2-hydroxybutyrate/2-hydroxyisobutyrate | HMDB0000729 HMDB00008 |
0.032046 | 0.0016631 | 0.57854 |
| 5,6-dihydrouridine | HMDB0000497 | 0.017806 | 0.0005452 | 2.0412 |
| Acetyl-CoA | HMDB0001206 | 0.085608 | 0.010594 | 0.48448 |
| Alpha-hydroxyisovalerate | HMDB0000407 | 0.0012158 | 2.43E-06 | 0.17297 |
| Anserine | HMDB0000194 | 0.0023567 | 1.42E-05 | 0.45349 |
| Arachidoylcarnitine (C20)* | HMDB0006460 | 0.052613 | 0.0040478 | 0.28036 |
| Ascorbic acid 3-sulfate* | 0.041488 | 0.0024843 | 1.8814 | |
| Betaine | HMDB0000043 | 0.069631 | 0.0065322 | 0.75022 |
| Bicine | HMDB0011727 | 0.093213 | 0.012466 | 1.922 |
| Carnosine | HMDB0000033 | 0.0028901 | 2.88E-05 | 0.43553 |
| Ceramide (d18:2/24:1, d18:1/24:2)* | 0.092441 | 0.011879 | 1.6207 | |
| C-glycosyltryptophan | HMDB0240296 | 0.026958 | 0.0010465 | 0.49009 |
| Deoxycarnitine | HMDB0001161 | 0.052613 | 0.0040956 | 0.78712 |
| Diacylglycerol (16:1/18:2 [2], 16:0/18:3 [1])* | 0.076639 | 0.0078431 | 2.2958 | |
| Equol sulfate | 0.084622 | 0.0096276 | 0.20255 | |
| Erucoylcarnitine (C22:1)* | 0.032046 | 0.0016039 | 0.37269 | |
| Gamma-glutamylvaline | HMDB0011172 | 0.017806 | 0.0005687 | 0.33472 |
| Glucuronate | HMDB0000127 | 0.026958 | 0.0011838 | 0.52161 |
| Glycerophosphoethanolamine | HMDB0000114 | 0.092559 | 0.012193 | 0.64594 |
| Gulonate* | HMDB0003290 | 0.031793 | 0.0014596 | 0.42189 |
| Hexanoylglycine (C6) | HMDB0000701 | 0.0023567 | 1.88E-05 | 0.18636 |
| Homoarginine | HMDB0000670 | 0.017783 | 0.0004852 | 1.7604 |
| Hydroxypalmitoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/16:0(OH)) | 0.052069 | 0.0038454 | 1.3499 | |
| Hydroxyproline | 0.067516 | 0.0061991 | 0.60524 | |
| Imidazole lactate | HMDB0002320 | 0.0034709 | 4.16E-05 | 0.23819 |
| Indolelactate | HMDB0000671 | 0.0043038 | 6.01E-05 | 1.9888 |
| Isovalerylglycine | HMDB00678 | 0.0023567 | 1.52E-05 | 0.27293 |
| Maleate | HMDB0000176 | 0.076639 | 0.0079138 | 0.5487 |
| Methylsuccinate | HMDB0001844 | 0.058985 | 0.0048017 | 1.2955 |
| N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovalerate | 0.025865 | 0.0008777 | 2.105 | |
| N-acetylglutamate | HMDB0001138 | 0.092441 | 0.011732 | 0.78083 |
| N-acetylglutamine | HMDB0006029 | 0.014512 | 0.0002897 | 0.51854 |
| N-acetylglycine | HMDB0000532 | 0.0064952 | 0.0001095 | 0.52201 |
| N-acetylleucine | HMDB0011756 | 0.038054 | 0.0022027 | 0.59356 |
| N-stearoyl-sphingadienine (d18:2/18:0)* | 0.026958 | 0.0010791 | 2.0202 | |
| N-stearoyl-sphingosine (d18:1/18:0)* | HMDB0004950 | 0.026958 | 0.0011398 | 1.868 |
| N-stearoyltaurine | 0.092441 | 0.011993 | 0.75217 | |
| Oleoyl-oleoyl-glycerol (18:1/18:1) [2]* | HMDB0007218 | 0.073131 | 0.0070066 | 2.279 |
| Orotate | HMDB0000226 | 0.083315 | 0.0093126 | 0.59776 |
| Orotidine | HMDB0000788 | 0.066986 | 0.0060167 | 0.73148 |
| Pantothenate (Vitamin B5) | HMDB0000210 | 0.017429 | 0.0003993 | 3.9236 |
| Phenylacetylglycine | HMDB0000821 | 0.048158 | 0.0033927 | 0.52079 |
| Prolyl-hydroxyproline | 0.058985 | 0.0049184 | 0.44851 | |
| Pseudouridine | HMDB0000767 | 0.017429 | 0.0004175 | 1.7891 |
| Pyridoxamine | HMDB0001431 | 0.032046 | 0.0016585 | 1.4963 |
| Serine | HMDB0000187 | 0.085608 | 0.01058 | 1.3084 |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:0/18:0, d19:0/17:0)* | HMDB0012087 | 0.077799 | 0.0083855 | 1.9696 |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:1/14:0, d16:1/16:0)* | HMDB0012097 | 0.062539 | 0.0053676 | 1.5269 |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:1/17:0, d17:1/18:0, d19:1/16:0) | 0.0064952 | 0.0001167 | 1.6125 | |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:1/18:1, d18:2/18:0) | HMDB0012101 | 0.047581 | 0.003229 | 1.4112 |
| Stearoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/18:0) | HMDB0001348 | 0.038054 | 0.0021945 | 1.4065 |
| Thiamin diphosphate | HMDB0001372 | 0.076639 | 0.0080241 | 0.72402 |
| Threonine | HMDB0000167 | 0.085608 | 0.010285 | 1.2521 |
| Tricosanoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/23:0)* | HMDB0012105 | 0.085015 | 0.0098422 | 1.6406 |
| Triethanolamine | HMDB0032538 | 0.046539 | 0.0030654 | 2.7857 |
| Tryptophan | HMDB0000929 | 0.046539 | 0.0029834 | 1.4203 |
Notes: Hearts from male and female FVB/NJ wild-type mice were freeze-clamped, and metabolites extracted from the hearts were subjected to LC/MS analysis. Raw area counts from each identified metabolite were log-transformed, autoscaled, and then subjected to t test analysis. Missing values were omitted from the analysis.
* indicates compounds that were not officially confirmed based on a standard, but whose identity matches the expected exact mass using the UHPLC/MS/MS2 accurate mass platform. Shown are those metabolites with an FDR value threshold of 0.10 or less. n = 4 female hearts and 5 male hearts per group.
Abbreviations: FDR = false discovery rate; GPC = glycerophosphocholine; GPE = glycerophosphoethanolamine; HMDB = human metabolome database; LC/MS = liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry; UHPLC/MS/MS = Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry.